Abstract
Salt stress impedes plant growth and development due to several factors, including the generation of cellular oxidative stressors. This study aimed to assess the impacts of seawater-induced salinity on the plant development, physio-biochemical responses, and antioxidant capacity of Catharanthus roseus grown in a variety of seawater (4, 8, and 12 dS/m) for varying durations (60, 90, and 120 days). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The results demonstrated that C. roseus successfully endured moderate salinity (8 dS/m) by maintaining plant height, number of leaves, branches, relative water content, and chlorophyll content with a minimum drop in dry biomass (25%) in a time- and dose-dependent approach. Furthermore, greater proline and soluble sugar contents suggested that C. roseus possessed enhanced osmoprotective capabilities to counteract osmotic stress caused by salinity. Conversely, all growth indicators decreased significantly at high salinity (12 dS/m). Increased levels of antioxidant enzyme activity catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, phenol and flavonoid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid indicate a coordinated function for antioxidant components in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) at low (4 dS/m) and moderate (8 dS/m) salinities. In contrast, excessive salinity (12 dS/m) led to a burst of ROS, as seen by elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage that greatly reduced total dry matter (72%), especially on days 120. The ion studies on plants subjected to salinity revealed that most Na+ remained in the roots. In contrast, most K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ are deposited more firmly in the leaves than in the roots. The findings imply that C. roseus may tolerate moderate salinity (8 dS/m) owing to its enhanced antioxidant defense system and osmolytes, which trigger antioxidant enzymes and maintain ionic balance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At moderate salinity, C. roseus maintained height, leaf and branch counts, water content, and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- C. roseus
Catharanthus roseuse0 - Treatment
- moderate salinity (8 dS/m)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of leaves, branchese0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. roseus successfully endured moderate salinity (8 dS/m) by maintaining plant height, number of leaves, branches, relative water content, and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salinity reduced dry biomass by 25%.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseuse2
- Treatment
- moderate salinity (8 dS/m)e1
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- drope0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum drop in dry biomass (25%)”
e1“moderate salinity (8 dS/m) by maintaining plant height”
e2“Catharanthus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and soluble sugar contents were greater under salinity.
- Taxon
- C. roseusCatharanthus roseuse0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- proline and soluble sugar contentse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater proline and soluble sugar contents suggested that C. roseus possessed enhanced osmoprotective capabilities to counteract osmotic stress caused by salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
All growth indicators decreased significantly at high salinity.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseuse1
- Treatment
- high salinity (12 dS/m)e0
- Outcome
- growth indicatorse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all growth indicators decreased significantly at high salinity (12 dS/m)”
e1“Catharanthus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Low and moderate salinity raised antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant measures.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseuse1
- Treatment
- low (4 dS/m) and moderate (8 dS/m) salinitiese0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activity catalase and ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased levels of antioxidant enzyme activity catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, phenol and flavonoid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid indicate a coordinated function for antioxidant components in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) at low (4 dS/m) and moderate (8 dS/m) salinities”
e1“Catharanthus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity elevated hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseuse1
- Treatment
- excessive salinity (12 dS/m)e0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive salinity (12 dS/m) led to a burst of ROS, as seen by elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage”
e1“Catharanthus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
At high salinity total dry matter fell by 72%, especially on day 120.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseuse2
- Treatment
- excessive salinity (12 dS/m)e1
- Outcome
- total dry mattere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Qualifier
- especially on days 120e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greatly reduced total dry matter (72%), especially on days 120”
e1“excessive salinity (12 dS/m)”
e2“Catharanthus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Most sodium remained in roots of salinity treated plants.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseuse2
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- most Na+ remained in the rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most Na+ remained in the roots”
e1“plants subjected to salinity”
e2“Catharanthus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Most potassium, calcium, and magnesium accumulated more in leaves than roots.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+e0
- Direction
- more firmlye0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ are deposited more firmly in the leaves than in the roots”
e1“Catharanthus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed moderate salinity tolerance to antioxidants and osmolytes that support ionic balance.
- Taxon
- C. roseusCatharanthus roseuse0
- Outcome
- tolerate moderate salinitye0
- Qualifier
- enhanced antioxidant defense system and osmolytese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. roseus may tolerate moderate salinity (8 dS/m) owing to its enhanced antioxidant defense system and osmolytes, which trigger antioxidant enzymes and maintain ionic balance”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →salinity · physiology: oxidative · Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.