Abstract
Salinity, a significant abiotic stressor, adversely affects global plant growth. To address this, monitoring genetic diversity within a plant species germplasm for salt tolerance traits is vital. This study investigates the responses of ten sorghum genotypes to varying salt stress levels (control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl), aiming to assess genetic diversity. Using a randomized complete block design with three replications and a split-plot arrangement, salt treatments were assigned to main plots, and genotypes were placed in sub-plots. Physiological attributes, including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO 2 concentration, leaf area index, chlorophyll concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activity, were measured during the 50% flowering stage. Fresh forage yield was evaluated at the early dough stage, while dry forage yield and sodium/potassium concentrations were determined post-drying. Salinity induced 10–23% and 21–47% reductions in forage fresh yield at 60 mM and 120 mM NaCl, respectively, across sorghum genotypes. Forage dry yield also declined by 11–33% at 60 mM NaCl and 30–58% at 120 mM NaCl. Increased oxidative stress markers, proline, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzyme activity accompanied salinity. Genotypes exhibited diverse responses, with Payam showing significant chlorophyll and yield reductions at 60 mM NaCl and notable stress indicators at 120 mM NaCl. Pegah and GS4 demonstrated robust osmoregulation. In stress tolerance indices, Sepideh excelled at 60 mM NaCl, while GS4 outperformed at 120 mM NaCl. Pegah demonstrated high tolerance at 120 mM NaCl. Our findings highlight the importance of combating oxidative stress, managing water-related stress, and maintaining ionic homeostasis for sorghum’s salt stress resilience. Key indicators like K/Na ratio, MDA, MSI, SOD, and proline effectively differentiate between tolerant and sensitive genotypes, offering valuable insights for sorghum breeding. Salt-tolerant sorghum genotypes exhibit stable photosynthesis, improved stomatal function, and membrane integrity through efficient osmotic regulation and robust antioxidant enzyme activity. This capability enables them to sustain performance, minimizing final product loss. The results suggest cultivating salt-tolerant sorghum in saline areas for increased sustainable production, with Pegah and GS4 emerging as promising candidates for further testing in salt-affected environments to obtain reliable yield data.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 mM NaCl, sorghum fresh forage yield fell by 10–23%.
- Treatment
- 60 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- forage fresh yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 10–23%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity induced 10–23% and 21–47% reductions in forage fresh yield at 60 mM and 120 mM NaCl, respectively, across sorghum genotypes.”
e1“control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
At 120 mM NaCl, sorghum fresh forage yield fell by 21–47%.
- Treatment
- 120 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- forage fresh yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 21–47%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity induced 10–23% and 21–47% reductions in forage fresh yield at 60 mM and 120 mM NaCl, respectively, across sorghum genotypes.”
e1“control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 mM NaCl, dry forage yield declined by 11–33%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Forage dry yield also declined by 11–33% at 60 mM NaCl and 30–58% at 120 mM NaCl.”
e1“control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 120 mM NaCl, dry forage yield declined by 30–58%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Forage dry yield also declined by 11–33% at 60 mM NaCl and 30–58% at 120 mM NaCl.”
e1“control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased oxidative stress markers, proline and soluble carbohydrates.
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markers, proline, soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased oxidative stress markers, proline, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzyme activity accompanied salinity.”
e1“control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased oxidative stress markers, proline, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzyme activity accompanied salinity.”
e1“control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Payam had significant chlorophyll and yield reductions at 60 mM NaCl.
- Material
- Payame0
- Treatment
- 60 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Payam showing significant chlorophyll and yield reductions at 60 mM NaCl”
e1“control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Payam showed notable stress indicators at 120 mM NaCl.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“notable stress indicators at 120 mM NaCl”
e1“Payam showing significant chlorophyll and yield reductions at 60 mM NaCl and notable stress indicators at 120 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pegah demonstrated robust osmoregulation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pegah and GS4 demonstrated robust osmoregulation”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
GS4 demonstrated robust osmoregulation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pegah and GS4 demonstrated robust osmoregulation”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sepideh ranked best on stress tolerance indices at 60 mM NaCl.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In stress tolerance indices, Sepideh excelled at 60 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
GS4 ranked best on stress tolerance indices at 120 mM NaCl.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS4 outperformed at 120 mM NaCl”
e1“In stress tolerance indices, Sepideh excelled at 60 mM NaCl, while GS4 outperformed at 120 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pegah showed high tolerance at 120 mM NaCl.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pegah demonstrated high tolerance at 120 mM NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
K/Na ratio, MDA and MSI differentiated tolerant and sensitive genotypes.
- Outcome
- differentiate between tolerant and sensitive genotypese0
- Qualifier
- K/Na ratio, MDA, MSIe0
- Comparator
- tolerant and sensitive genotypese0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Key indicators like K/Na ratio, MDA, MSI, SOD, and proline effectively differentiate between tolerant and sensitive genotypes”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD and proline differentiated tolerant and sensitive genotypes.
- Outcome
- differentiate between tolerant and sensitive genotypese0
- Qualifier
- SOD, and prolinee0
- Comparator
- tolerant and sensitive genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Key indicators like K/Na ratio, MDA, MSI, SOD, and proline effectively differentiate between tolerant and sensitive genotypes”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant genotypes maintained photosynthesis, stomatal function and membrane integrity.
- Outcome
- stable photosynthesis, improved stomatal function, and membrane integritye0
- Qualifier
- efficient osmotic regulation and robust antioxidant enzyme activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt-tolerant sorghum genotypes exhibit stable photosynthesis, improved stomatal function, and membrane integrity through efficient osmotic regulation and robust antioxidant enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest growing salt-tolerant sorghum in saline areas.
- Outcome
- cultivating salt-tolerant sorghum in saline arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivating salt-tolerant sorghum in saline areas for increased sustainable production”
Claim · model-written summary
Pegah and GS4 were proposed for further testing in salt-affected environments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pegah and GS4 emerging as promising candidates for further testing in salt-affected environments to obtain reliable yield data”
t0“sorghum”
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sodium chloride · yield · SorghumResults differ
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See all 5 papers →salinity · physiology: oxidative · SorghumResults agree
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.