Abstract
In this study, the impacts of the foliar application of different sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as a donor of nitric oxide) concentrations (0–300 µM) on two sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor L. Albanus and Sorghum bicolor L. Shamal) under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) were investigated. The data revealed that salinity leads to an increase in oxidative stress markers and damage of the membrane integrity, accompanied by a decrease in the chlorophyll content, the open photosystem II (PSII) centers, and the performance indexes (PI ABS and PI total), as well as having an influence on the electron flux reducing photosystem I (PSI) end acceptors (REo/RC). Spraying with SNP alleviated the NaCl toxicity on the photosynthetic functions; the protection was concentration-dependent, and greater in Shamal than in Albanus, i.e., variety specific. Furthermore, the experimental results revealed that the degree of SNP protection under salt stress also depends on the endogenous nitric oxide (NO) amount in leaves, the number of active reaction centers per PSII antenna chlorophylls, the enhanced electron flux reducing end acceptors at the acceptor side of PSI, as well as the stimulation of the cyclic electron transport around PSI. The results showed better protection in both varieties of sorghum for SNP concentrations up to 150 µM, which corresponds to about a 50% increase in the endogenous NO leaf content in comparison to the control plants. Our study provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying SNP-induced salt tolerance in sorghum varieties and might be a practical approach to correcting salt intolerance.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased oxidative stress markers and membrane damage.
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markers and damage of the membrane integritye0
- Direction
- increasee0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity leads to an increase in oxidative stress markers and damage of the membrane integrity”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll, open PSII centers and performance indexes.
- Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, the open photosystem II (PSII) centers, and the performance indexese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the chlorophyll content, the open photosystem II (PSII) centers, and the performance indexes (PI ABS and PI total)”
t0“Sorghum bicolor L. under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity influenced electron flux reducing PSI end acceptors.
- Outcome
- electron flux reducing photosystem I (PSI) end acceptors (REo/RC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“having an influence on the electron flux reducing photosystem I (PSI) end acceptors (REo/RC)”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP spraying alleviated NaCl toxicity on photosynthetic functions.
- Treatment
- Spraying with SNPe0
- Outcome
- NaCl toxicity on the photosynthetic functionse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying with SNP alleviated the NaCl toxicity on the photosynthetic functions”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP protection was concentration dependent and greater in Shamal than Albanus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protection was concentration-dependent, and greater in Shamal than in Albanus, i.e., variety specific”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP protection under salt stress depended on endogenous leaf NO and active PSII reaction centers.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of SNP protection under salt stress also depends on the endogenous nitric oxide (NO) amount in leaves, the number of active reaction centers per PSII antenna chlorophylls”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP protection also depended on PSI electron flux and cyclic electron transport.
- Treatment
- SNPe1
- Outcome
- enhanced electron flux reducing end acceptors at the acceptor side of PSIe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- cyclic electron transport around PSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enhanced electron flux reducing end acceptors at the acceptor side of PSI, as well as the stimulation of the cyclic electron transport around PSI”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Spraying with SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
Both varieties showed better protection at SNP concentrations up to 150 µM.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“better protection in both varieties of sorghum for SNP concentrations up to 150 µM”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP concentrations up to 150 µM corresponded to about 50% higher endogenous leaf NO than controls.
- Treatment
- SNP concentrations up to 150 µMe0
- Outcome
- endogenous NO leaf contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP concentrations up to 150 µM, which corresponds to about a 50% increase in the endogenous NO leaf content in comparison to the control plants”
t0“Sorghum”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.