Abstract
Annual ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum Gaudin) is a problematic weed in most of the cropping regions in Australia. Evolved herbicide resistance to multiple modes of action groups, the lack of new herbicidal molecules, and the emergence of late cohorts in winter season crops necessitate the use of existing herbicides in an innovative way to control L. rigidum . Pendimethalin as pre-emergence (PRE) is used for L. rigidum control; however, it is unable to control late cohorts of L. rigidum in winter season crops. Pot studies were conducted from 2019 to 2021 to evaluate the effect of a post-emergence (POST) application of pendimethalin with six doses (0, 220, 440, 880, 1,760, and 3,520 g a.i. ha -1 ) on L. rigidum control in addition to crop safety in wheat, barley, and sorghum. POST application of pendimethalin was found to be safe for wheat and barley, and the biomass reduction in both crops at varied rates (220 to 3,520 g ha −1 ) of pendimethalin ranged from 10% to 20%. A dose–response study revealed that the pendimethalin dose required for 50% mortality and growth reduction of L. rigidum was 179 and 144 g ai ha −1 , respectively. Pendimethalin at 880 g ai ha −1 completely killed late cohorts of L. rigidum . These results suggest that the POST application of pendimethalin can be used for the effective control of late cohorts of L. rigidum in wheat and barley crops. POST application of pendimethalin suppressed the biomass of sorghum plants compared with the non-treated control treatment, and biomass reduction in sorghum at different pendimethalin doses ranged from 32% to 40%. Results implied that POST applications of pendimethalin in wheat and barley can diversify herbicide programs in managing L. rigidum and may help in delaying the evolution of resistance in this weed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence pendimethalin reduced wheat biomass by 10% to 20% across the stated rates.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- POST application of pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- biomass reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 10% to 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 220 to 3,520 g ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST application of pendimethalin was found to be safe for wheat and barley, and the biomass reduction in both crops at varied rates (220 to 3,520 g ha −1 ) of pendimethalin ranged from 10% to 20%”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence pendimethalin reduced barley biomass by 10% to 20% across the stated rates.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- POST application of pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- biomass reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 10% to 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 220 to 3,520 g ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“POST application of pendimethalin was found to be safe for wheat and barley, and the biomass reduction in both crops at varied rates (220 to 3,520 g ha −1 ) of pendimethalin ranged from 10% to 20%”
Claim · model-written summary
The pendimethalin dose for 50% annual ryegrass mortality was 179 g ai ha −1.
- Taxon
- wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Interactor
- L. rigidum
Lolium rigidume0weed - Outcome
- mortality and growth reduction of L. rigidume0
- Value
- 179 and 144 g ai ha −1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pendimethalin dose required for 50% mortality and growth reduction of L. rigidum was 179 and 144 g ai ha −1 , respectively”
t0“wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin at 880 g ai ha −1 killed late annual ryegrass cohorts completely.
- Taxon
- wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin at 880 g ai ha −1e0
- Interactor
- L. rigidumLolium rigidume0weed
- Outcome
- late cohorts of L. rigidume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin at 880 g ai ha −1 completely killed late cohorts of L. rigidum”
t0“wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence pendimethalin reduced sorghum biomass relative to untreated plants by 32% to 40%.
- Treatment
- POST application of pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- biomass of sorghum plantse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 32% to 40%e0
- Comparator
- non-treated control treatmente0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST application of pendimethalin suppressed the biomass of sorghum plants compared with the non-treated control treatment, and biomass reduction in sorghum at different pendimethalin doses ranged from 32% to 40%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest post-emergence pendimethalin for late annual ryegrass control in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- L. rigidumLolium rigidume0weed
- Outcome
- effective control of late cohorts of L. rigidume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the POST application of pendimethalin can be used for the effective control of late cohorts of L. rigidum in wheat and barley crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest post-emergence pendimethalin for late annual ryegrass control in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- L. rigidumLolium rigidume0weed
- Outcome
- effective control of late cohorts of L. rigidume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the POST application of pendimethalin can be used for the effective control of late cohorts of L. rigidum in wheat and barley crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence pendimethalin in wheat may diversify herbicide programs and delay ryegrass resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- L. rigidumLolium rigidume0weed
- Outcome
- diversify herbicide programs in managing L. rigidum and may help in delaying the evolution of resistance in this weede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST applications of pendimethalin in wheat and barley can diversify herbicide programs in managing L. rigidum and may help in delaying the evolution of resistance in this weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence pendimethalin in barley may diversify herbicide programs and delay ryegrass resistance.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- L. rigidumLolium rigidume0weed
- Outcome
- diversify herbicide programs in managing L. rigidum and may help in delaying the evolution of resistance in this weede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST applications of pendimethalin in wheat and barley can diversify herbicide programs in managing L. rigidum and may help in delaying the evolution of resistance in this weed”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.