Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer increases agricultural yields but increases economic costs and causes a series of environmental problems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the potential to be used as biological fertilizer. However, the influence of nitrogen form on plant growth responsiveness to AMF inoculation is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of Funneliformis mosseae on growth, root morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of Camellia oleifera under different nitrogen forms during three harvest periods and clarified the most suitable nitrogen form for C. oleifera–AMF symbiosis. The results showed that urea, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen promoted plant growth and photosynthetic capacity, among which urea treatment had the highest value in all three harvests. No significant difference in plant growth parameters was observed between ammonium and nitrate nitrogen treatments in the first two harvests, while the plant height was significantly lower under ammonium nitrogen treatment than nitrate nitrogen treatment in the third harvest. Inoculation with F. mosseae in the presence of indigenous AMF could promote AMF colonization and plant growth at all three harvest times. Inoculation with F. mosseae significantly increased gas exchange parameters, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII). Inoculation with AMF increased the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) better under urea treatment and improved the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) better under ammonium nitrogen treatment. Principal component analysis showed that urea is the most beneficial nitrogen fertilizer for C. oleifera–AMF symbiosis. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the combination use of AMF and nitrogen fertilizer in agroforestry.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Urea, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen promoted growth and photosynthetic capacity of Camellia oleifera.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleifera
Camellia oleiferat0 - Treatment
- urea, ammonium and nitrate nitrogene1
- Outcome
- plant growth and photosynthetic capacitye1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
e1“urea, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen promoted plant growth and photosynthetic capacity, among which urea treatment had the highest value in all three harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea gave the highest growth and photosynthetic values in all three harvests.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- urea treatmente2
- Outcome
- plant growth and photosynthetic capacitye1
- Direction
- highest valuee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
e1“urea, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen promoted plant growth and photosynthetic capacity, among which urea treatment had the highest value in all three harvests”
e2“urea treatment had the highest value in all three harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in plant growth parameters was found between ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the first two harvests.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- ammonium and nitrate nitrogen treatmentse3
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse3
- Direction
- No significant differencee3
- Comparator
- nitrate nitrogene3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
e3“No significant difference in plant growth parameters was observed between ammonium and nitrate nitrogen treatments in the first two harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height was significantly lower under ammonium nitrogen than under nitrate nitrogen in the third harvest.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente4
- Outcome
- plant heighte4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- nitrate nitrogen treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
e4“the plant height was significantly lower under ammonium nitrogen treatment than nitrate nitrogen treatment in the third harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with F. mosseae promoted AMF colonization and plant growth at all three harvest times.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with F. mosseaee5
- Interactor
- F. mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee5symbiont - Outcome
- AMF colonization and plant growthe5
- Direction
- promotee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae”
e5“Inoculation with F. mosseae in the presence of indigenous AMF could promote AMF colonization and plant growth at all three harvest times”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with F. mosseae significantly increased gas exchange parameters, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with F. mosseaee6
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee6symbiont
- Outcome
- gas exchange parameters, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII)e6
- Direction
- significantly increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae”
e6“Inoculation with F. mosseae significantly increased gas exchange parameters, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF increased qP, more so under urea treatment.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe7
- Interactor
- AMFe7symbiont
- Outcome
- photochemical quenching coefficient (qP)e7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- better under urea treatmente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
e7“Inoculation with AMF increased the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) better under urea treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF improved qN, more so under ammonium nitrogen treatment.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe7
- Interactor
- AMFe7symbiont
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- better under ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
e7“Inoculation with AMF increased the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) better under urea treatment”
e0“improved the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) better under ammonium nitrogen treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea was the most beneficial nitrogen fertilizer for Camellia oleifera–AMF symbiosis in principal component analysis.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- symbiosise0
- Direction
- most beneficiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Camellia oleifera”
e0“urea is the most beneficial nitrogen fertilizer for C. oleifera–AMF symbiosis”
The same questions in other papers
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inoculation · physiology: photosynthesis · Camellia oleifera (tea-oil Camellia)Results agree
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inoculation · disease · Camellia oleifera (tea-oil Camellia)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.