Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major root vegetable crop in Nepal. Organic manures are an indispensable substitute for the highly toxic inorganic fertilizers. A research experiment was conducted at the horticulture farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal to investigate the effect of different organic manures on the growth, yield, and quality of Tokinashi variety of late-season radish. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The seven different treatments were farm yard manure (FYM) (30 t ha-1), poultry manure (20 t ha-1), FYM (15 t ha-1) + poultry manure (10 t ha-1), FYM (15 t ha-1) + vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), vermicompost (5 t ha-1), FYM (15 t ha-1) + Bone meal (5 t ha-1), and control (without use of organic manures). Poultry manure was observed significant effect on the growth and yield attributes of radish. The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing). The ascorbic acid was recorded maximum (0.181 mg ml-1) in vermicompost. It can be concluded that poultry manure can be used for higher yield for late-season radish cultivation under Rupandehi, Terai condition of Nepal.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum plant height (31.17 cm) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativuse7 - Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 31.17 cme1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum number of leaves (20.53) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of leavese1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 20.53e1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum shoot length (29.68 cm) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 29.68 cme1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum crown spread (51.4 cm) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- crown spreade1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 51.4 cme1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum root length (28.6 cm) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 28.6 cme1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum root diameter (10.81 cm) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- root diametere1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 10.81 cme1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum average root weight (130.2 gm) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- average root weighte1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 130.2 gme1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum average shoot weight (71 gm) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- average shoot weighte1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 71 gme1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum root dry weight (125.33 gm) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 125.33 gme1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum harvest index (64.85%) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- harvest indexe1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 64.85%e1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- shoot yield per hectaree1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 16.22 t ha-1e1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- biological yield per hectaree1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 50.3 t ha-1e1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- root yield per hectaree1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 23.87 t ha-1e1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure (20 t ha-1) gave maximum total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) among organic manure treatments on late-season radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manure (20 t ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- total soluble solide1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 1.13 0 Brixe1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing)”
e2“poultry manure (20 t ha-1)”
e4“Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid was maximum (0.181 mg ml-1) in vermicompost-treated radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- vermicomposte5
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 0.181 mg ml-1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The ascorbic acid was recorded maximum (0.181 mg ml-1) in vermicompost”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure can be used for higher yield in late-season radish cultivation under Terai conditions of Nepal.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- poultry manuree6
- Outcome
- higher yielde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“It can be concluded that poultry manure can be used for higher yield for late-season radish cultivation under Rupandehi, Terai condition of Nepal”
e7“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
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