Abstract
The mechanical strength of rice culm, an essential factor for lodging resistance and yield maintenance, is influenced by the composition and structure of the cell wall. In this study, we characterized a rice brittle culm mutant 22 (bc22), derived from LR005 through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The bc22 culm exhibited increased fragility and reduced mechanical strength compared to LR005. The mutant displayed pleiotropic effects, including a shorter plant height and panicle length, a smaller grain size, and the absence of the glume hairs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a decrease in cell density and a looser structure in the bc22 culms. Biochemical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in hemicellulose content and a marked reduction in lignin content in the culm of bc22. Genetic analysis indicated that the brittle culm trait was governed by a single recessive gene. After employing bulked segregant analysis (BSA), whole-genome resequencing, and MutMap methods, LOC_Os02g25230 was identified as the candidate gene responsible for bc22. In bc22, a point mutation from proline (Pro) to leucine (Leu) in its coding region led to the pleiotropic phenotype. A complementation test further confirmed that the missense mutation causing the proline to leucine amino acid substitution in LOC_Os02g25230 was causative of the observed bc22 phenotype. Additionally, gene expression analysis showed that BC22 had higher expression levels in the culms, leaves, and spikelets compared to the roots. Taken together, our findings indicate that BC22 is a pleiotropic gene, and the influence of BC22 on brittleness may be associated with cell wall biosynthesis in rice culm.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
bc22 culms were more fragile and mechanically weaker than LR005.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- bc22e0
- Outcome
- increased fragility and reduced mechanical strengthe0
- Direction
- increased fragilitye0
- Comparator
- LR005e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The bc22 culm exhibited increased fragility and reduced mechanical strength compared to LR005.”
Claim · model-written summary
bc22 had shorter plants and panicles and smaller grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- mutante0
- Outcome
- shorter plant height and panicle length, a smaller grain sizee0
- Direction
- shortere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The mutant displayed pleiotropic effects, including a shorter plant height and panicle length, a smaller grain size, and the absence of the glume hairs.”
Claim · model-written summary
bc22 lacked glume hairs.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- bc22e1
- Outcome
- absence of the glume hairse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the absence of the glume hairs”
e1“The bc22 culm exhibited increased fragility and reduced mechanical strength compared to LR005.”
Claim · model-written summary
bc22 culms had lower cell density and looser structure.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- bc22e0
- Outcome
- cell density and a looser structuree0
- Direction
- a decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“a decrease in cell density and a looser structure in the bc22 culms”
Claim · model-written summary
bc22 culm hemicellulose content increased significantly.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- bc22e0
- Outcome
- hemicellulose contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“a significant increase in hemicellulose content and a marked reduction in lignin content in the culm of bc22”
Claim · model-written summary
bc22 culm lignin content was reduced.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- bc22e0
- Outcome
- lignin contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“a significant increase in hemicellulose content and a marked reduction in lignin content in the culm of bc22”
Claim · model-written summary
A single recessive gene governed the brittle culm trait.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- single recessive genee0
- Outcome
- brittle culm traite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the brittle culm trait was governed by a single recessive gene”
Claim · model-written summary
LOC_Os02g25230 was identified as the bc22 candidate gene.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LOC_Os02g25230e0
- Outcome
- candidate gene responsible for bc22e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“LOC_Os02g25230 was identified as the candidate gene responsible for bc22”
Claim · model-written summary
Complementation confirmed that the proline to leucine substitution in LOC_Os02g25230 caused the bc22 phenotype.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LOC_Os02g25230e0
- Outcome
- observed bc22 phenotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“A complementation test further confirmed that the missense mutation causing the proline to leucine amino acid substitution in LOC_Os02g25230 was causative of the observed bc22 phenotype.”
Claim · model-written summary
BC22 expression was higher in culms, leaves and spikelets than roots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- culms, leaves, and spikeletse0
- Gene
- BC22e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“BC22 had higher expression levels in the culms, leaves, and spikelets compared to the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
BC22 may influence culm brittleness through cell wall biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- BC22e0
- Outcome
- brittlenesse0
- Qualifier
- may be associated with cell wall biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the influence of BC22 on brittleness may be associated with cell wall biosynthesis in rice culm”