Abstract
Soil salinization negatively affects rice growth and yield; however, how different sludge sources regulate rice growth and yield under salt stress was rarely investigated. This study evaluated the performance of two salt-tolerant rice cultivars, Chaoyou 1000 and Longliangyou 506, grown in two sediment sources, pond sediment (PS) and river sludge (RS), under salt stress (56 ds m−1 brine irrigation) with conventional soil (CS) used as the control. The results showed that the rice yield under the PS and RS treatments was enhanced by 51.0% and 43.6% as compared with CS, respectively, owing to an improvement in spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight, dry matter accumulation, and the chlorophyll content in both rice cultivars. Compared with CS, the total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen grain production efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, and nitrogen partial productivity under the PS and RS treatments were increased by 18.9–28.9%, 17.0–20.6%, 7.2–16.6%, and 43.8–50.9%, respectively. Moreover, rice grown in PS and RS showed higher activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthetase) at the heading stage and higher K+ and K+/Na+ contents in the leaves. Overall, a balanced utilization of sediment resources (especially pond sediment) can effectively alleviate salt stress and improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Total nitrogen accumulation rose by 18.9–28.9% under the PS and RS treatments compared with CS.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- PS and RS treatmentse6
- Outcome
- total nitrogen accumulatione6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 18.9–28.9%e6
- Comparator
- conventional soil (CS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen grain production efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, and nitrogen partial productivity under the PS and RS treatments were increased by 18.9–28.9%, 17.0–20.6%, 7.2–16.6%, and 43.8–50.9%, respectively”
e3“conventional soil (CS) used as the control”
e1“the rice yield under the PS and RS treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen grain production efficiency rose by 17.0–20.6% under the PS and RS treatments compared with CS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PS and RS treatmentse6
- Outcome
- nitrogen grain production efficiencye6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 17.0–20.6%e6
- Comparator
- conventional soil (CS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen grain production efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, and nitrogen partial productivity under the PS and RS treatments were increased by 18.9–28.9%, 17.0–20.6%, 7.2–16.6%, and 43.8–50.9%, respectively”
e3“conventional soil (CS) used as the control”
e1“the rice yield under the PS and RS treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen harvest index rose by 7.2–16.6% under the PS and RS treatments compared with CS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PS and RS treatmentse6
- Outcome
- nitrogen harvest indexe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 7.2–16.6%e6
- Comparator
- conventional soil (CS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen grain production efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, and nitrogen partial productivity under the PS and RS treatments were increased by 18.9–28.9%, 17.0–20.6%, 7.2–16.6%, and 43.8–50.9%, respectively”
e3“conventional soil (CS) used as the control”
e1“the rice yield under the PS and RS treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen partial productivity rose by 43.8–50.9% under the PS and RS treatments compared with CS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PS and RS treatmentse6
- Outcome
- nitrogen partial productivitye6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 43.8–50.9%e6
- Comparator
- conventional soil (CS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen grain production efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, and nitrogen partial productivity under the PS and RS treatments were increased by 18.9–28.9%, 17.0–20.6%, 7.2–16.6%, and 43.8–50.9%, respectively”
e3“conventional soil (CS) used as the control”
e1“the rice yield under the PS and RS treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities were higher at the heading stage in rice grown in PS and RS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Organ / stage
- heading stagee7
- Treatment
- PS and RSe7
- Gene
- nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthetasee7
- Outcome
- activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymese7
- Direction
- highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“rice grown in PS and RS showed higher activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthetase) at the heading stage and higher K+ and K+/Na+ contents in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf K+ and K+/Na+ contents were higher in rice grown in PS and RS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- PS and RSe7
- Outcome
- K+ and K+/Na+ contentse7
- Direction
- highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“rice grown in PS and RS showed higher activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthetase) at the heading stage and higher K+ and K+/Na+ contents in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight and dry matter accumulation improved under the PS and RS treatments compared with CS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PS and RS treatmentse1
- Outcome
- spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight, dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- improvemente1
- Comparator
- conventional soil (CS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the rice yield under the PS and RS treatments was enhanced by 51.0% and 43.6% as compared with CS, respectively, owing to an improvement in spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight, dry matter accumulation, and the chlorophyll content in both rice cultivars”
e3“conventional soil (CS) used as the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content improved under the PS and RS treatments compared with CS in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PS and RS treatmentse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- improvemente1
- Comparator
- conventional soil (CS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the rice yield under the PS and RS treatments was enhanced by 51.0% and 43.6% as compared with CS, respectively, owing to an improvement in spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight, dry matter accumulation, and the chlorophyll content in both rice cultivars”
e3“conventional soil (CS) used as the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The rice yield gain is attributed to the improvement in yield components, dry matter and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Qualifier
- an improvement in spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight, dry matter accumulation, and the chlorophyll contente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the rice yield under the PS and RS treatments was enhanced by 51.0% and 43.6% as compared with CS, respectively, owing to an improvement in spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight, dry matter accumulation, and the chlorophyll content in both rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
A balanced use of sediment resources, especially pond sediment, can alleviate salt stress and improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- alleviate salt stress and improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a balanced utilization of sediment resources (especially pond sediment) can effectively alleviate salt stress and improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice”
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