Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ascorbate (AsA)–glutathione (GSH) cycle are widely known for their participation in various stresses. However, the relationship between ABA and H2O2 levels and the AsA–GSH cycle under drought stress in wheat has not been studied. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted in wheat seedlings subjected to 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000–induced dehydration. Drought stress caused the rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H2O2 and significantly decreased the number of root tips compared with the control. The application of ABA significantly increased the number of root tips, whereas the application of H2O2 markedly reduced the number of root tips, compared with that under 15% PEG-6000. In addition, drought stress markedly increased the DHA, GSH and GSSG levels, but decreased the AsA levels, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with those in the control. The activities of the four enzymes in the AsA–GSH cycle were also markedly increased under drought stress, including glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), compared with those in the control. However, the application of an ABA inhibitor significantly inhibited GR, DHAR and APX activities, whereas the application of an H2O2 inhibitor significantly inhibited DHAR and MDHAR activities. Furthermore, the application of ABA inhibitor significantly promoted the increases of H2O2 and the application of H2O2 inhibitor significantly blocked the increases of ABA, compared with those under 15% PEG-6000. Taken together, the results indicated that ABA and H2O2 probably interact under drought stress in wheat; and both of them can mediate drought stress by modulating the enzymes in AsA–GSH cycle, where ABA acts as the main regulator of GR, DHAR, and APX activities, and H2O2 acts as the main regulator of DHAR and MDHAR activities.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress rapidly accumulated endogenous ABA and H2O2 in wheat roots.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H2O2e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress caused the rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H2O2 and significantly decreased the number of root tips compared with the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly decreased wheat root tip number.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- number of root tipse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress caused the rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H2O2 and significantly decreased the number of root tips compared with the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application significantly increased wheat root tip number under PEG-induced dehydration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Treatment
- application of ABAe0
- Outcome
- number of root tipse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- under 15% PEG-6000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of ABA significantly increased the number of root tips, whereas the application of H2O2 markedly reduced the number of root tips, compared with that under 15% PEG-6000.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 application markedly reduced wheat root tip number under PEG-induced dehydration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Treatment
- application of H2O2e0
- Outcome
- number of root tipse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- under 15% PEG-6000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of ABA significantly increased the number of root tips, whereas the application of H2O2 markedly reduced the number of root tips, compared with that under 15% PEG-6000.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased DHA, GSH and GSSG levels in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- DHA, GSH and GSSG levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress markedly increased the DHA, GSH and GSSG levels, but decreased the AsA levels, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with those in the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased AsA levels, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- AsA levels, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratiose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress markedly increased the DHA, GSH and GSSG levels, but decreased the AsA levels, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with those in the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress markedly increased GR, APX, MDHAR and DHAR enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)e0
- Outcome
- activities of the four enzymes in the AsA–GSH cyclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of the four enzymes in the AsA–GSH cycle were also markedly increased under drought stress, including glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), compared with those in the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA inhibitor significantly inhibited GR, DHAR and APX activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of an ABA inhibitore0
- Gene
- GR, DHAR and APXe0
- Outcome
- GR, DHAR and APX activitiese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of an ABA inhibitor significantly inhibited GR, DHAR and APX activities”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 inhibitor significantly inhibited DHAR and MDHAR activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of an H2O2 inhibitore0
- Gene
- DHAR and MDHARe0
- Outcome
- DHAR and MDHAR activitiese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of an H2O2 inhibitor significantly inhibited DHAR and MDHAR activities.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA inhibitor significantly promoted H2O2 increases under PEG treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of ABA inhibitore0
- Outcome
- increases of H2O2e0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- under 15% PEG-6000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of ABA inhibitor significantly promoted the increases of H2O2 and the application of H2O2 inhibitor significantly blocked the increases of ABA, compared with those under 15% PEG-6000.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 inhibitor significantly blocked ABA increases under PEG treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of H2O2 inhibitore0
- Outcome
- increases of ABAe0
- Direction
- blockede0
- Comparator
- under 15% PEG-6000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of ABA inhibitor significantly promoted the increases of H2O2 and the application of H2O2 inhibitor significantly blocked the increases of ABA, compared with those under 15% PEG-6000.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that ABA and H2O2 probably interact during wheat drought stress to modulate AsA–GSH cycle enzymes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- ABA and H2O2e0
- Outcome
- drought stresse0
- Qualifier
- modulating the enzymes in AsA–GSH cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA and H2O2 probably interact under drought stress in wheat; and both of them can mediate drought stress by modulating the enzymes in AsA–GSH cycle”
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