Abstract
Abstract Terminal irrigation drought stress is one of the most drastic abiotic stress to diminish the wheat crop development and grains yield in arid regions of the world. The use of moringa leaf extract (MLE30) via seed priming technique is investigated as an organic and sustainable approach for the mitigation of drought stress along with curtailed seed rate in wheat crop. The study investigated the interaction of organic seed priming: control (dry seeds), hydro-priming, MLE30-priming, seed rate: recommended @ 125 kg ha −1 , curtailed @ 25 kg ha −1 , and terminal irrigation drought (TID): normal irrigation, mild-TID, severe-TID in wheat crop at agronomic research station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan during the wheat winter season of 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. The application of organic MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity especially total soluble proteins by 15%, superoxide dismutase by 68%, peroxidase by 16%, catalase by 70%, ascorbic acid by 17% and total protein contents by 91% under severe-TID. Yield and yield-related morphological attributes performed better in MLE30-priming as compared to hydro-priming. An effective trend was observed in the plant's chlorophyll contents, K + , and water use efficiency after being treated with MLE30-priming followed by hydro-priming under curtailed seed rate. The higher benefit–cost ratio and net income return were observed with the application of MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate under mild-TID and severe-TID. So, it is suggested to adopt the MLE30-priming technique along with a curtailed seed rate for improving the crop establishment, stress regulation, and economic return under limited availability of irrigation water. The project findings recommended that the application of exogenous application of organic MLE30-seed priming favored and compensated the maximum wheat grains production under curtailed seed rate @ 25 kg ha −1 and induced terminal drought stress at flowering and milking conditions.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 seed priming with curtailed seed rate increased total soluble proteins by 15% under severe terminal drought.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- under severe-TIDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The application of organic MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity especially total soluble proteins by 15%, superoxide dismutase by 68%, peroxidase by 16%, catalase by 70%, ascorbic acid by 17% and total protein contents by 91% under severe-TID”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 seed priming with curtailed seed rate increased superoxide dismutase by 68% under severe terminal drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Qualifier
- under severe-TIDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The application of organic MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity especially total soluble proteins by 15%, superoxide dismutase by 68%, peroxidase by 16%, catalase by 70%, ascorbic acid by 17% and total protein contents by 91% under severe-TID”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 seed priming with curtailed seed rate increased peroxidase by 16% under severe terminal drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- under severe-TIDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The application of organic MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity especially total soluble proteins by 15%, superoxide dismutase by 68%, peroxidase by 16%, catalase by 70%, ascorbic acid by 17% and total protein contents by 91% under severe-TID”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 seed priming with curtailed seed rate increased catalase by 70% under severe terminal drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Qualifier
- under severe-TIDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The application of organic MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity especially total soluble proteins by 15%, superoxide dismutase by 68%, peroxidase by 16%, catalase by 70%, ascorbic acid by 17% and total protein contents by 91% under severe-TID”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 seed priming with curtailed seed rate increased ascorbic acid by 17% under severe terminal drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Qualifier
- under severe-TIDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The application of organic MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity especially total soluble proteins by 15%, superoxide dismutase by 68%, peroxidase by 16%, catalase by 70%, ascorbic acid by 17% and total protein contents by 91% under severe-TID”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 seed priming with curtailed seed rate increased total protein contents by 91% under severe terminal drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- total protein contentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 91%e0
- Qualifier
- under severe-TIDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The application of organic MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity especially total soluble proteins by 15%, superoxide dismutase by 68%, peroxidase by 16%, catalase by 70%, ascorbic acid by 17% and total protein contents by 91% under severe-TID”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 priming improved yield compared with hydro priming.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- performed bettere0
- Comparator
- hydro-priminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Yield and yield-related morphological attributes performed better in MLE30-priming as compared to hydro-priming”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 priming improved yield related morphological attributes compared with hydro priming.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- yield-related morphological attributese0
- Direction
- performed bettere0
- Comparator
- hydro-priminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Yield and yield-related morphological attributes performed better in MLE30-priming as compared to hydro-priming”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 priming showed a favorable chlorophyll content trend under curtailed seed rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Qualifier
- under curtailed seed ratee0
- Comparator
- hydro-priminge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“An effective trend was observed in the plant's chlorophyll contents, K + , and water use efficiency after being treated with MLE30-priming followed by hydro-priming under curtailed seed rate”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 priming showed a favorable potassium trend under curtailed seed rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- K +e0
- Qualifier
- under curtailed seed ratee0
- Comparator
- hydro-priminge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“An effective trend was observed in the plant's chlorophyll contents, K + , and water use efficiency after being treated with MLE30-priming followed by hydro-priming under curtailed seed rate”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 priming showed a favorable water use efficiency trend under curtailed seed rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priminge0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Qualifier
- under curtailed seed ratee0
- Comparator
- hydro-priminge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“An effective trend was observed in the plant's chlorophyll contents, K + , and water use efficiency after being treated with MLE30-priming followed by hydro-priming under curtailed seed rate”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 priming with curtailed seed rate had a higher benefit cost ratio under mild and severe drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priming with curtailed seed ratee0
- Outcome
- benefit–cost ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under mild-TID and severe-TIDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The higher benefit–cost ratio and net income return were observed with the application of MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate under mild-TID and severe-TID”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE30 priming with curtailed seed rate had higher net income under mild and severe drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE30-priming with curtailed seed ratee0
- Outcome
- net income returne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under mild-TID and severe-TIDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The higher benefit–cost ratio and net income return were observed with the application of MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate under mild-TID and severe-TID”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend MLE30 seed priming with a curtailed seed rate under limited irrigation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- adopt the MLE30-priming technique along with a curtailed seed ratee0
- Qualifier
- under limited availability of irrigation watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“it is suggested to adopt the MLE30-priming technique along with a curtailed seed rate for improving the crop establishment, stress regulation, and economic return under limited availability of irrigation water”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend MLE30 priming with 25 kg per hectare seed rate under terminal drought at flowering and milking to compensate grain production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic MLE30-seed priminge0
- Outcome
- maximum wheat grains productione0
- Qualifier
- under curtailed seed rate @ 25 kg ha −1 and induced terminal drought stress at flowering and milking conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“organic MLE30-seed priming favored and compensated the maximum wheat grains production under curtailed seed rate @ 25 kg ha −1 and induced terminal drought stress at flowering and milking conditions”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
375 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
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