Abstract
Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes (PGPM) have the potential to enhance sustainable agriculture, but there is still a limited understanding of how the complex interplay between plant genetic variability, the native soil community, and soil nutrients affects PGPM recruitment. To address this challenge, we investigated the impact of bacteria isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) along with their accompany microbiome (AMFc) derived from a wild chrysanthemum on the growth of five different commercial chrysanthemum cultivars (Chic, Chic 45, Chic Cream, Haydar and Barolo), as well as their rhizosphere microbiomes, within a nutrient-rich complex substrate environment. We found 23 bacterial strains capable of producing siderophore, 14 strains capable of producing Indole-3-acetic acid, and 18 strains capable of solubilizing phosphate. The AMFc had six AMF species, and the bacterial and fungal communities associated with AMF belonged to different phyla. Using generalized joint models, we investigated the impact of the three most effective bacterial strains and the AMFc on plant growth (shoot and root dry mass) while integrating information on plant genotype, environment, and microbes. The impact of PGPM inoculation varied from positive to negative effects depending on the cultivar, with Chic Cream showing the highest increase in root biomass after inoculation with both bacterial strain SMF006 (57 %) and AMFc inoculation (79 %). Our study demonstrates that PGPM from wild relative can impact the growth and assembly of the chrysanthemum root microbiome, but this impact is cultivar-dependent. Furthermore, inoculation with a complex AMF containing community (AMFc) induced greater changes in the rhizosphere microbiome than with a single bacterial isolate. Our study shows that inoculation of a complex community of beneficial microbes results in more effective plant growth promotion.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-three bacterial strains produced siderophore.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemume1 - Outcome
- bacterial strains capable of producing siderophoree0
- Value
- 23 bacterial strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We found 23 bacterial strains capable of producing siderophore”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen bacterial strains produced Indole-3-acetic acid.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Outcome
- strains capable of producing Indole-3-acetic acide0
- Value
- 14 strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 strains capable of producing Indole-3-acetic acid”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen bacterial strains solubilized phosphate.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Outcome
- strains capable of solubilizing phosphatee0
- Value
- 18 strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 strains capable of solubilizing phosphate”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The AMFc contained six AMF species.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF speciese0
- Value
- six AMF speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AMFc had six AMF species”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-associated bacterial and fungal communities belonged to different phyla.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- belonged to different phylae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bacterial and fungal communities associated with AMF belonged to different phyla”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The growth effect of PGPM inoculation ranged from positive to negative depending on cultivar.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Material
- cultivare0
- Treatment
- PGPM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- impact of PGPM inoculatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The impact of PGPM inoculation varied from positive to negative effects depending on the cultivar”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
SMF006 inoculation increased root biomass in Chic Cream by 57%.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Chic Creame0
- Treatment
- inoculation with both bacterial strain SMF006e0
- Interactor
- bacterial strain SMF006e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 57 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chic Cream showing the highest increase in root biomass after inoculation with both bacterial strain SMF006 (57 %) and AMFc inoculation (79 %)”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
AMFc inoculation increased root biomass in Chic Cream by 79%.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Chic Creame0
- Treatment
- AMFc inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFce0symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 79 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chic Cream showing the highest increase in root biomass after inoculation with both bacterial strain SMF006 (57 %) and AMFc inoculation (79 %)”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPM from a wild relative changed chrysanthemum root microbiome assembly in a cultivar-dependent way.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- PGPM from wild relativee0
- Outcome
- assembly of the chrysanthemum root microbiomee0
- Qualifier
- cultivar-dependente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPM from wild relative can impact the growth and assembly of the chrysanthemum root microbiome, but this impact is cultivar-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
AMFc inoculation changed the rhizosphere microbiome more than a single bacterial isolate.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- inoculation with a complex AMF containing community (AMFc)e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- changes in the rhizosphere microbiomee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- a single bacterial isolatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with a complex AMF containing community (AMFc) induced greater changes in the rhizosphere microbiome than with a single bacterial isolate”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
A complex beneficial microbe community promoted plant growth more effectively.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- inoculation of a complex community of beneficial microbese0
- Outcome
- plant growth promotione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of a complex community of beneficial microbes results in more effective plant growth promotion”
e1“commercial chrysanthemum cultivars”
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