Abstract
Although maize is sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiencies, the responses of maize cultivars to the foliar application of Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) may vary significantly. Here, we quantified the responses of grain yields and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) absorption to ZnSO4 using 22 modern maize cultivars. The results revealed that 40.9% of the cultivars were not affected by foliar ZnSO4, whereas only 45.5% of the cultivars responded positively to ZnSO4, which was evidenced by increased grain numbers and shortened bald tip lengths. The impact of Zn fertilizer might be manifested in the dry biomass, from the 8-leaf stage (BBCH 18). For Zn-deficiency resistant cultivars, the foliar application of ZnSO4 enhanced N accumulation by 44.1%, while it reduced P and K absorption by 13.6% and 23.7%, respectively. For Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivars, foliar applied ZnSO4 improved the accumulation of N and K by 27.3% and 25.0%, respectively; however, it lowered their utilization efficiency. Hence, determining the optimized application of Zn fertilizer, while avoiding Zn toxicity, should not be based solely on the level of Zn deficiency in the soil, but also, take into consideration the sensitivity of some cultivars to Zn, Furthermore, the supplementation of Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivars with N and K is key to maximizing the benefits of Zn fertilization.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate did not affect 40.9% of cultivars.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40.9% of the cultivars were not affected by foliar ZnSO4”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 45.5% of cultivars responded positively to zinc sulfate.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only 45.5% of the cultivars responded positively to ZnSO4”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate increased grain numbers in responding cultivars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased grain numbers and shortened bald tip lengths”
t0“maize”
e1“cultivars responded positively to ZnSO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate shortened bald tip lengths in responding cultivars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased grain numbers and shortened bald tip lengths”
t0“maize”
e1“cultivars responded positively to ZnSO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilizer may affect dry biomass from the eight leaf stage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The impact of Zn fertilizer might be manifested in the dry biomass, from the 8-leaf stage (BBCH 18).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate increased nitrogen accumulation 44.1% in resistant cultivars.
- Material
- Zn-deficiency resistant cultivarse0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 44.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Zn-deficiency resistant cultivars, the foliar application of ZnSO4 enhanced N accumulation by 44.1%”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate reduced phosphorus absorption 13.6% in resistant cultivars.
- Material
- Zn-deficiency resistant cultivarse1
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it reduced P and K absorption by 13.6% and 23.7%, respectively”
t0“maize”
e1“For Zn-deficiency resistant cultivars, the foliar application of ZnSO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate reduced potassium absorption 23.7% in resistant cultivars.
- Material
- Zn-deficiency resistant cultivarse1
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- K absorptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it reduced P and K absorption by 13.6% and 23.7%, respectively”
t0“maize”
e1“For Zn-deficiency resistant cultivars, the foliar application of ZnSO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate improved nitrogen accumulation 27.3% in sensitive cultivars.
- Material
- Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivarse0
- Treatment
- foliar applied ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Ne0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 27.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivars, foliar applied ZnSO4 improved the accumulation of N and K by 27.3% and 25.0%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate improved potassium accumulation 25.0% in sensitive cultivars.
- Material
- Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivarse0
- Treatment
- foliar applied ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 25.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivars, foliar applied ZnSO4 improved the accumulation of N and K by 27.3% and 25.0%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate lowered nutrient utilization efficiency in sensitive cultivars.
- Material
- Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivarse1
- Treatment
- foliar applied ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- utilization efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“however, it lowered their utilization efficiency.”
t0“maize”
e1“For Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivars, foliar applied ZnSO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc optimization should consider cultivar zinc sensitivity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“determining the optimized application of Zn fertilizer, while avoiding Zn toxicity, should not be based solely on the level of Zn deficiency in the soil, but also, take into consideration the sensitivity of some cultivars to Zn”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive cultivars should receive nitrogen and potassium supplementation.
- Outcome
- supplementation of Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivars with N and Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the supplementation of Zn-deficiency sensitive maize cultivars with N and K is key to maximizing the benefits of Zn fertilization.”
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See all 161 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.