Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been shown to improve plant defenses against a variety of stresses. However, how rutin (Rut) affects stress factors is yet to be fully explored. Moreover, their combined role in osmotic stress response remains unclear. The current study was performed to determine how the use of Rut and Si, both separately and in combination, improved the physiological resilience of maize seedlings to two levels of osmotic stress (induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000). We aimed to enhance osmotic stress tolerance with the simultaneous use of Rut and Si. First, we selected the best water status and the lowest membrane damage enhancing concentration of Rut (60 ppm) and Si (1 mM) to research their tolerance and resistance to osmotic stress (moderate: 10% PEG, severe: 15% PEG). The application of Rut and Si separately and together reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the reactive oxygen species and improved the relative water content, osmoprotectants (proline, total soluble sugar, and glycine-betaine), ascorbate level, and some antioxidant defense-related enzyme activities and their gene expression in maize seedlings under osmotic stress. However, these effects were more promising under moderate stress. As a result, findings from the study indicate the synergistic effect of combined Rut and Si on osmotic stress tolerance in maize seedlings. Overall, the combination of Rut and Si was more effective than independent Rut and Si in reducing osmotic stress in maize seedlings. Here, it was clear that Rut played an active role in alleviating stress. This combined application can be useful for developing drought tolerance in crops for the agriculture sector.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin alone reduced reactive oxygen species under osmotic stress.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Rut and Si separately and together reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the reactive oxygen species”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon alone reduced reactive oxygen species under osmotic stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Rut and Si separately and together reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the reactive oxygen species”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined rutin and silicon reduced reactive oxygen species under osmotic stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Rut and Si separately and together reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the reactive oxygen species”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin and silicon treatments improved relative water content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the relative water content, osmoprotectants (proline, total soluble sugar, and glycine-betaine), ascorbate level, and some antioxidant defense-related enzyme activities and their gene expression in maize seedlings under osmotic stress”
t0“rutin and silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin and silicon treatments improved proline, total soluble sugar, and glycine-betaine.
- Treatment
- rutin and silicont0
- Outcome
- proline, total soluble sugar, and glycine-betainee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the relative water content, osmoprotectants (proline, total soluble sugar, and glycine-betaine), ascorbate level, and some antioxidant defense-related enzyme activities and their gene expression in maize seedlings under osmotic stress”
t0“rutin and silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin and silicon treatments improved ascorbate level.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the relative water content, osmoprotectants (proline, total soluble sugar, and glycine-betaine), ascorbate level, and some antioxidant defense-related enzyme activities and their gene expression in maize seedlings under osmotic stress”
t0“rutin and silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin and silicon treatments improved antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression.
- Treatment
- rutin and silicont0
- Outcome
- antioxidant defense-related enzyme activities and their gene expressione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the relative water content, osmoprotectants (proline, total soluble sugar, and glycine-betaine), ascorbate level, and some antioxidant defense-related enzyme activities and their gene expression in maize seedlings under osmotic stress”
t0“rutin and silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects were more promising under moderate osmotic stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these effects were more promising under moderate stress”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined rutin and silicon was more effective than either alone in reducing osmotic stress.
- Treatment
- combination of Rut and Sie0
- Outcome
- osmotic stresse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- independent Rut and Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of Rut and Si was more effective than independent Rut and Si in reducing osmotic stress in maize seedlings”
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