Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils is a major abiotic stress that negatively impacts plant growth and development. The toxic effects of Al manifest primarily in the root system, leading to inhibited root elongation and functionality, which impairs the above-ground organs of the plant. Recent research has greatly improved our understanding of the applications of small molecule compounds in alleviating Al toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the role of boron (B), silicon (Si), and their combination in alleviating Al toxicity in soybeans. The results revealed that the combined application significantly improved the biomass and length of soybean roots exposed to Al toxicity compared to B and Si treatments alone. Our results also indicated that Al toxicity causes programmed cell death (PCD) in soybean roots, while B, Si, and their combination all alleviated the PCD induced by Al toxicity. The oxidative damage induced by Al toxicity was noticeably alleviated, as evidenced by lower MAD and H2O2 accumulation in the soybean roots treated with the B and Si combination. Moreover, B, Si, and combined B and Si significantly enhanced plant antioxidant systems by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes including CAT, POD, APX, and SOD. Overall, supplementation with B, Si, and their combination was found to alleviate oxidative damage and reduce PCD caused by Al toxicity, which may be one of the mechanisms by which they alleviate root growth inhibition due to Al toxicity. Our results suggest that supplementation with B, Si, and their combination may be an effective strategy to improve soybean growth and productivity against Al toxicity.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The combined B and Si application significantly improved biomass and length of soybean roots exposed to Al toxicity relative to B or Si alone
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- biomass and lengthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- exposed to Al toxicitye1
- Comparator
- B and Si treatments alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the combined application significantly improved the biomass and length of soybean roots exposed to Al toxicity compared to B and Si treatments alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Al toxicity causes programmed cell death in soybean roots
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- Al toxicitye2
- Outcome
- programmed cell death (PCD)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Al toxicity causes programmed cell death (PCD) in soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
B, Si and their combination each alleviated the programmed cell death induced by Al toxicity
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- B, Si, and their combinatione3
- Outcome
- PCDe3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
- Comparator
- Al toxicitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Roots”
e3“B, Si, and their combination all alleviated the PCD induced by Al toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
The B and Si combination lowered MAD and H2O2 accumulation in soybean roots under Al toxicity
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- the B and Si combinatione4
- Outcome
- MAD and H2O2 accumulatione4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- Al toxicitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“lower MAD and H2O2 accumulation in the soybean roots treated with the B and Si combination”
e2“The oxidative damage induced by Al toxicity was noticeably alleviated”
Claim · model-written summary
B, Si and their combination significantly enhanced plant antioxidant systems by up-regulating CAT, POD, APX and SOD
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- B, Si, and combined B and Sie5
- Gene
- CAT, POD, APX, and SODe5
- Outcome
- plant antioxidant systemse5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Comparator
- Al toxicitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Roots”
e5“B, Si, and combined B and Si significantly enhanced plant antioxidant systems by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes including CAT, POD, APX, and SOD”
e2“The oxidative damage induced by Al toxicity was noticeably alleviated”
Claim · model-written summary
Alleviation of root growth inhibition by B and Si under Al toxicity may be one of their mechanisms
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- root growth inhibitione7
- Qualifier
- may be one of the mechanismse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Roots”
e7“which may be one of the mechanisms by which they alleviate root growth inhibition due to Al toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementation with B, Si and their combination may be an effective strategy to improve soybean growth and productivity against Al toxicity
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Outcome
- an effective strategy to improve soybean growth and productivity against Al toxicitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Our results suggest that supplementation with B, Si, and their combination may be an effective strategy to improve soybean growth and productivity against Al toxicity”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.