Abstract
Nitrogen is a crucial element for the growth and development of plants, directly affecting crop growth and yield. To investigate the physiological and molecular mechanism of nitrogen-deficiency stress, we conducted an investigation into the effects of different nitrogen levels on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and gene transcription levels of banana seedlings. Compared with the control group with normal nitrogen levels (NN), the height of plants receiving Reduced-N (NR), Low-N (LN), and N-Free (NF) treatments was decreased by 0.45 cm, 2.5 cm, and 3.25 cm, respectively. Their dry weight was reduced by 1.63 g, 2.99 g, and 2.88 g, respectively. Conversely, the dry weight of the underground plant part in the LN and NF treatment groups exhibited an increase of 0.13 g and 0.16 g, respectively. Regarding photosynthetic characteristics, the Specialty Products Agricultural Division (SPAD) values of the NR, LN, and NF treatments showed reductions of 15.5%, 30.4%, and 35.9%, respectively, compared with those of the control treatments. The values of maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)), and relative electron transfer (ETR) of the banana seedlings decreased to different degrees after NR, LN, and NF treatment, and their values were positively correlated with N levels. Gene transcription analysis showed that N transport-related proteins, including NRT1.7, NRT2.3a, NRT2.3b, and NRT2.5, were significantly up-regulated to increase the nitrogen absorption capacity of plant roots. On the other hand, various transcription factors including GRAS, MYB, and WRKY were notably up-regulated, facilitating root growth and the expanding root absorption area, thereby enhancing nitrogen uptake. Furthermore, genes associated with endogenous hormone metabolic pathways such as gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), and brassinosteroids (BR) were activated in banana plants subjected to low nitrogen stress, enhancing the plant’s ability to adapt to nitrogen-deficient conditions. These findings offer valuable insights into understanding the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing banana responses to low nitrogen stress and breeding new varieties with improved nutrient utilization.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-N decreased banana height by 0.45 cm relative to normal nitrogen.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group with normal nitrogen levels (NN), the height of plants receiving Reduced-N (NR), Low-N (LN), and N-Free (NF) treatments was decreased by 0.45 cm, 2.5 cm, and 3.25 cm, respectively.”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-N decreased banana height by 2.5 cm relative to normal nitrogen.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group with normal nitrogen levels (NN), the height of plants receiving Reduced-N (NR), Low-N (LN), and N-Free (NF) treatments was decreased by 0.45 cm, 2.5 cm, and 3.25 cm, respectively.”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
N-Free decreased banana height by 3.25 cm relative to normal nitrogen.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group with normal nitrogen levels (NN), the height of plants receiving Reduced-N (NR), Low-N (LN), and N-Free (NF) treatments was decreased by 0.45 cm, 2.5 cm, and 3.25 cm, respectively.”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-N reduced dry weight by 1.63 g.
Verbatim
e0“Their dry weight was reduced by 1.63 g, 2.99 g, and 2.88 g, respectively.”
e1“normal nitrogen levels (NN), the height of plants receiving Reduced-N (NR), Low-N (LN), and N-Free (NF) treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-N reduced dry weight by 2.99 g.
Verbatim
e0“Their dry weight was reduced by 1.63 g, 2.99 g, and 2.88 g, respectively.”
e1“normal nitrogen levels (NN), the height of plants receiving Reduced-N (NR), Low-N (LN), and N-Free (NF) treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
N-Free reduced dry weight by 2.88 g.
Verbatim
e0“Their dry weight was reduced by 1.63 g, 2.99 g, and 2.88 g, respectively.”
e1“normal nitrogen levels (NN), the height of plants receiving Reduced-N (NR), Low-N (LN), and N-Free (NF) treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
LN increased underground dry weight by 0.13 g.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- dry weight of the underground plant parte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.13 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the dry weight of the underground plant part in the LN and NF treatment groups exhibited an increase of 0.13 g and 0.16 g, respectively”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
NF increased underground dry weight by 0.16 g.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- NFe0
- Outcome
- dry weight of the underground plant parte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.16 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the dry weight of the underground plant part in the LN and NF treatment groups exhibited an increase of 0.13 g and 0.16 g, respectively”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
NR reduced SPAD values by 15.5% relative to controls.
Verbatim
e0“the Specialty Products Agricultural Division (SPAD) values of the NR, LN, and NF treatments showed reductions of 15.5%, 30.4%, and 35.9%, respectively, compared with those of the control treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
LN reduced SPAD values by 30.4% relative to controls.
Verbatim
e0“the Specialty Products Agricultural Division (SPAD) values of the NR, LN, and NF treatments showed reductions of 15.5%, 30.4%, and 35.9%, respectively, compared with those of the control treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
NF reduced SPAD values by 35.9% relative to controls.
Verbatim
e0“the Specialty Products Agricultural Division (SPAD) values of the NR, LN, and NF treatments showed reductions of 15.5%, 30.4%, and 35.9%, respectively, compared with those of the control treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
NR decreased maximum and actual photosynthetic efficiency and relative electron transfer.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- NRe0
- Outcome
- maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)), and relative electron transfer (ETR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The values of maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)), and relative electron transfer (ETR) of the banana seedlings decreased to different degrees after NR, LN, and NF treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
LN decreased maximum and actual photosynthetic efficiency and relative electron transfer.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)), and relative electron transfer (ETR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The values of maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)), and relative electron transfer (ETR) of the banana seedlings decreased to different degrees after NR, LN, and NF treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NF decreased maximum and actual photosynthetic efficiency and relative electron transfer.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- NFe0
- Outcome
- maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)), and relative electron transfer (ETR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The values of maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)), and relative electron transfer (ETR) of the banana seedlings decreased to different degrees after NR, LN, and NF treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic efficiencies and electron transfer were positively correlated with N levels.
Verbatim
e0“The values of maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)), and relative electron transfer (ETR) of the banana seedlings decreased to different degrees after NR, LN, and NF treatment, and their values were positively correlated with N levels”
Claim · model-written summary
NRT1.7, NRT2.3a and NRT2.3b were significantly upregulated, interpreted to increase root nitrogen absorption.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Gene
- NRT1.7, NRT2.3a, NRT2.3be0
- Outcome
- NRT1.7, NRT2.3a, NRT2.3be0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- to increase the nitrogen absorption capacity of plant rootse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“N transport-related proteins, including NRT1.7, NRT2.3a, NRT2.3b, and NRT2.5, were significantly up-regulated to increase the nitrogen absorption capacity of plant roots”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
NRT2.5 was significantly upregulated, interpreted to increase root nitrogen absorption.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Gene
- NRT2.5e0
- Outcome
- NRT2.5e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- to increase the nitrogen absorption capacity of plant rootse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“N transport-related proteins, including NRT1.7, NRT2.3a, NRT2.3b, and NRT2.5, were significantly up-regulated to increase the nitrogen absorption capacity of plant roots”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
GRAS, MYB and WRKY transcription factors were upregulated.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“various transcription factors including GRAS, MYB, and WRKY were notably up-regulated, facilitating root growth and the expanding root absorption area, thereby enhancing nitrogen uptake”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Upregulated transcription factors were interpreted to facilitate root growth and absorption area, enhancing nitrogen uptake.
Verbatim
e0“various transcription factors including GRAS, MYB, and WRKY were notably up-regulated, facilitating root growth and the expanding root absorption area, thereby enhancing nitrogen uptake”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen activated genes in GA, SL and BR metabolic pathways, interpreted to enhance adaptation.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen stresse0
- Outcome
- genes associated with endogenous hormone metabolic pathwayse0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Qualifier
- enhancing the plant’s ability to adapt to nitrogen-deficient conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“genes associated with endogenous hormone metabolic pathways such as gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), and brassinosteroids (BR) were activated in banana plants subjected to low nitrogen stress, enhancing the plant’s ability to adapt to nitrogen-deficient conditions”
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