Abstract
Partial slow-release fertiliser substitution for urea combined with water-saving irrigation may synergistically improve rice yield, quality, water, and nitrogen (N) utilisation. A field experiment to evaluate different combinations of irrigation regimes: alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) and flooding irrigation (FI), and N strategies: N0Â (no N fertiliser); N1 (100% conventional fertiliser); N2 (100% SCF – sulphur-coated fertiliser); N3 (70% SCF + 30% urea), and N4 (50% SCF + 50% urea) on efficient rice production. Results indicated that higher substitution rates of SCFÂ (N2 and N3) increased total N and ammonia N in surface water, leachate, and soil while reducing nitrate N relative to N1. The N3 strategy showed the highest yields, dry matter, total N uptake, and water N utilisation due to a nutrient release pattern that matched rice growth requirements. AWD yielded 5% lower than FI, except for the N3 strategy, but protein content increased by 12%, and amylose content dropped by 17%. The structural equation model analysis suggested that SCF positively impacted yield by influencing surface water total N and soil total N. Our findings indicate that implementing AWD alongside a 70% SCF basal fertiliser and 30% urea topdressing can optimise rice yield and quality while effectively managing water and fertiliser resources in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Higher SCF substitution increased total N and ammonia N in surface water, leachate and soil relative to N1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N2 and N3e0
- Outcome
- total N and ammonia N in surface water, leachate, and soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- N1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher substitution rates of SCFÂ (N2 and N3) increased total N and ammonia N in surface water, leachate, and soil while reducing nitrate N relative to N1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher SCF substitution reduced nitrate N relative to N1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher substitution rates of SCFÂ (N2 and N3) increased total N and ammonia N in surface water, leachate, and soil while reducing nitrate N relative to N1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 gave the highest rice yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3 strategye0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N3 strategy showed the highest yields, dry matter, total N uptake, and water N utilisation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 gave the highest dry matter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3 strategye0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N3 strategy showed the highest yields, dry matter, total N uptake, and water N utilisation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 gave the highest total N uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3 strategye0
- Outcome
- total N uptakee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N3 strategy showed the highest yields, dry matter, total N uptake, and water N utilisation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 gave the highest water N utilisation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3 strategye0
- Outcome
- water N utilisatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N3 strategy showed the highest yields, dry matter, total N uptake, and water N utilisation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD yielded 5% less than FI except with N3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Qualifier
- except for the N3 strategye0
- Comparator
- FIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWD yielded 5% lower than FI, except for the N3 strategy”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD increased rice protein content by 12%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- FIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWD yielded 5% lower than FI, except for the N3 strategy, but protein content increased by 12%”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD reduced rice amylose content by 17%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe1
- Outcome
- amylose contente0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- FIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amylose content dropped by 17%”
e1“AWD yielded 5% lower than FI, except for the N3 strategy”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Structural equation modeling suggested SCF positively affected yield through surface water and soil total N.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCF positively impacted yield by influencing surface water total N and soil total N”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend AWD with 70% SCF basal fertilizer and 30% urea topdressing to optimize rice yield and quality and manage resources.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- optimise rice yield and quality while effectively managing water and fertiliser resourcese0
- Setting
- middle-lower Yangtze River Basine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“implementing AWD alongside a 70% SCF basal fertiliser and 30% urea topdressing can optimise rice yield and quality while effectively managing water and fertiliser resources in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin”
The same questions in other papers
processing · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →irrigation · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →processing · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 88 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
110 papers more in this group
See all 114 papers →irrigation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
264 papers in the same direction as this paper · 906 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,167 papers more in this group
See all 1,171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.