Abstract
Dent and flint kernel architectures are important characteristics that affect the physical properties of maize kernels and their grain end uses. The genes controlling these traits are unknown, so it is difficult to combine the advantageous kernel traits of both. We found mutation of ARFTF17 in a dent genetic background reduces IAA content in the seed pericarp, creating a flint-like kernel phenotype. ARFTF17 is highly expressed in the pericarp and encodes a protein that interacts with and inhibits MYB40, a transcription factor with the dual functions of repressing PIN1 expression and transactivating genes for flavonoid biosynthesis. Enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis could reduce the metabolic flux responsible for auxin biosynthesis. The decreased IAA content of the dent pericarp appears to reduce cell division and expansion, creating a shorter, denser kernel. Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation into dent inbreds and hybrids improved their kernel texture, integrity, and desiccation, without affecting yield.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
ARFTF17 mutation reduced IAA content in the dent maize seed pericarp.
- Organ / stage
- seed pericarpe0
- Treatment
- mutation of ARFTF17e0
- Gene
- ARFTF17e0
- Outcome
- IAA contente0
- Direction
- reducese0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutation of ARFTF17 in a dent genetic background reduces IAA content in the seed pericarp”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ARFTF17 mutation created a flint-like kernel phenotype in dent maize.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutation of ARFTF17 in a dent genetic background reduces IAA content in the seed pericarp, creating a flint-like kernel phenotype”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ARFTF17 was highly expressed in the pericarp.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ARFTF17 is highly expressed in the pericarp”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ARFTF17 protein interacted with and inhibited MYB40.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“encodes a protein that interacts with and inhibits MYB40”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MYB40 repressed PIN1 expression.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MYB40, a transcription factor with the dual functions of repressing PIN1 expression and transactivating genes for flavonoid biosynthesis”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MYB40 transactivated genes for flavonoid biosynthesis.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MYB40, a transcription factor with the dual functions of repressing PIN1 expression and transactivating genes for flavonoid biosynthesis”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis could reduce metabolic flux for auxin biosynthesis.
- Outcome
- metabolic flux responsible for auxin biosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- Enhanced flavonoid biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis could reduce the metabolic flux responsible for auxin biosynthesis.”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced pericarp IAA appeared to reduce cell division and expansion.
- Organ / stage
- dent pericarpe0
- Compound
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- cell division and expansione0
- Qualifier
- decreased IAA contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decreased IAA content of the dent pericarp appears to reduce cell division and expansion, creating a shorter, denser kernel.”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced pericarp IAA appeared to create a shorter, denser kernel.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decreased IAA content of the dent pericarp appears to reduce cell division and expansion, creating a shorter, denser kernel.”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation improved kernel texture in dent inbreds and hybrids.
- Material
- dent inbreds and hybridse0
- Treatment
- Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutatione0
- Outcome
- kernel texturee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation into dent inbreds and hybrids improved their kernel texture, integrity, and desiccation, without affecting yield.”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation improved kernel integrity in dent inbreds and hybrids.
- Material
- dent inbreds and hybridse0
- Treatment
- Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutatione0
- Outcome
- integritye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation into dent inbreds and hybrids improved their kernel texture, integrity, and desiccation, without affecting yield.”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation improved kernel desiccation in dent inbreds and hybrids.
- Material
- dent inbreds and hybridse0
- Treatment
- Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutatione0
- Outcome
- desiccatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation into dent inbreds and hybrids improved their kernel texture, integrity, and desiccation, without affecting yield.”
t0“dent maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation did not affect yield.
- Material
- dent inbreds and hybridse0
- Treatment
- Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation into dent inbreds and hybrids improved their kernel texture, integrity, and desiccation, without affecting yield.”
t0“dent maize”
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