Abstract
L.), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). This study investigated the impact of Cu on the levels of these cannabinoids in two hemp cultivars, Wife and Merlot, under field conditions, as a function of harvest time (August-September), Cu type (nano, bulk, or ionic), and dose (50, 100, and 500 ppm). In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases in THC and CBD production during plant growth, reaching increases of 33% and 31% for THC and 51% and 16.5% for CBD by harvests 3 and 4, respectively. CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppm significantly increased THC and CBD levels, compared to the control, respectively, by 18% and 27% for THC and 19.9% and 33.6% for CBD. These nanospecific increases coincided with significantly more Cu in the inflorescences (buds) than in the control and bulk CuO treatments. Contrarily, no temporal induction of the cannabinoids by Cu was noticed in Merlot, suggesting a cultivar-specific response to Cu. However, overall, in Merlot, Cu ions, but not particulate Cu, induced THC and CBD levels by 27% and 36%, respectively, compared to the control. Collectively, our findings provide information with contrasting implications in the production of these cannabinoids, where, dependent on the cultivar, metabolite levels may rise above the 0.3% regulatory threshold for THC but to a more profitable level for CBD. Further investigations with a wider range of hemp cultivars, CuO nanoparticle (NP) doses, and harvest times would clarify the significance and broader implications of the findings.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In Wife, copper increased THC during growth by 33% at harvest 3.
- Taxon
- hemp
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativat0 - Material
- Wifee0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- THCe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Qualifier
- harvests 3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases in THC and CBD production during plant growth, reaching increases of 33% and 31% for THC and 51% and 16.5% for CBD by harvests 3 and 4, respectively”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wife, copper increased THC by 31% at harvest 4.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Wifee0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- THCe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases in THC and CBD production during plant growth, reaching increases of 33% and 31% for THC and 51% and 16.5% for CBD by harvests 3 and 4, respectively”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wife, copper increased CBD by 51% at harvest 3.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Wifee0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- CBDe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 51%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases in THC and CBD production during plant growth, reaching increases of 33% and 31% for THC and 51% and 16.5% for CBD by harvests 3 and 4, respectively”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wife, copper increased CBD by 16.5% at harvest 4.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Wifee0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- CBDe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 16.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases in THC and CBD production during plant growth, reaching increases of 33% and 31% for THC and 51% and 16.5% for CBD by harvests 3 and 4, respectively”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wife, 50 ppm CuO nanoparticles increased THC by 18% against control.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Wifee1
- Treatment
- CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppme0
- Outcome
- THCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppm significantly increased THC and CBD levels, compared to the control, respectively, by 18% and 27% for THC and 19.9% and 33.6% for CBD”
e1“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wife, 100 ppm CuO nanoparticles increased THC by 27% against control.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Wifee1
- Treatment
- CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppme0
- Outcome
- THCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppm significantly increased THC and CBD levels, compared to the control, respectively, by 18% and 27% for THC and 19.9% and 33.6% for CBD”
e1“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wife, 50 ppm CuO nanoparticles increased CBD by 19.9% against control.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Wifee1
- Treatment
- CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppme0
- Outcome
- CBDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.9%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppm significantly increased THC and CBD levels, compared to the control, respectively, by 18% and 27% for THC and 19.9% and 33.6% for CBD”
e1“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wife, 100 ppm CuO nanoparticles increased CBD by 33.6% against control.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Wifee1
- Treatment
- CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppme0
- Outcome
- CBDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.6%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppm significantly increased THC and CBD levels, compared to the control, respectively, by 18% and 27% for THC and 19.9% and 33.6% for CBD”
e1“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO nanoparticle-treated Wife inflorescences had significantly more copper than control and bulk CuO treatments.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Wifee1
- Treatment
- CuO nanoparticlese2
- Outcome
- Cu in the inflorescences (buds)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the control and bulk CuO treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These nanospecific increases coincided with significantly more Cu in the inflorescences (buds) than in the control and bulk CuO treatments”
e1“In Wife, Cu caused significant temporal increases”
e2“CuO nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppm significantly increased THC and CBD levels”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper produced no temporal cannabinoid induction in Merlot.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Merlote0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- cannabinoidse0
- Direction
- no temporal inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no temporal induction of the cannabinoids by Cu was noticed in Merlot”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Merlot, copper ions increased THC by 27% against control.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Merlote0
- Treatment
- Cu ionse0
- Outcome
- THCe0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Merlot, Cu ions, but not particulate Cu, induced THC and CBD levels by 27% and 36%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Merlot, copper ions increased CBD by 36% against control.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Merlote0
- Treatment
- Cu ionse0
- Outcome
- CBDe0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Merlot, Cu ions, but not particulate Cu, induced THC and CBD levels by 27% and 36%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Particulate copper did not induce THC or CBD in Merlot.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Material
- Merlote0
- Treatment
- particulate Cue0
- Outcome
- THC and CBD levelse0
- Direction
- note0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Merlot, Cu ions, but not particulate Cu, induced THC and CBD levels by 27% and 36%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · molecular: metabolites · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.