Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate the interactive effects of exogenous melatonin and excess amounts of zinc and copper on the growth and physiological parameters, antioxidant defense system and nutritional balance of cannabis seedlings. Cannabis sativa L. plants, grown under a completely randomized design, were irrigated with complete Hoagland’s nutrient solution. CuSO 4 (0, 50 and 150 µM) and ZnSO 4 (0, 50 and 100 µM) and their combinations were supplied to 21-day-old seedlings for 2 weeks. During the second week, melatonin was added to the nutrient solution at 100 μM. Zn and Cu stress led to reduced growth and physiological parameters, it promoted oxidative stress, changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and imbalance of mineral nutrients in cannabis seedlings. However, melatonin alleviated the growth retardation and physiological disorders of seedlings under normal conditions and heavy metal stress. The content of reduced glutathione and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase were improved by melatonin. Excess amounts of zinc and copper changed the pattern of nutritional elements distribution in cannabis seedlings. Cu and Zn caused reduced content of Fe, Ca and K ions in shoots and roots. Melatonin treatment was able to adjust the nutrients content in metal-stressed seedlings up to the level of the control. Exogenous melatonin reduced toxic levels of Cu and Zn in seedlings overloaded with copper and zinc. MT also raised K, Ca and Fe concentrations in roots and shoots of seedlings under stress. Our results support the idea that melatonin acts as a powerful antioxidant, it can also be considered as a potent regulator of ion homeostasis in cannabis seedlings under heavy metal toxicity. Further studies still need to investigate the alleviatory effects of melatonin under field conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Zn and Cu stress reduced growth and physiological parameters of hemp seedlings
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis sativae0 - Treatment
- Zn and Cu stresse1
- Outcome
- growth and physiological parameterse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e1“Zn and Cu stress led to reduced growth and physiological parameters, it promoted oxidative stress, changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and imbalance of mineral nutrients in cannabis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn and Cu stress promoted oxidative stress in hemp seedlings
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn and Cu stresse1
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e1“Zn and Cu stress led to reduced growth and physiological parameters, it promoted oxidative stress, changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and imbalance of mineral nutrients in cannabis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn and Cu stress changed antioxidant enzyme activity in hemp seedlings
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn and Cu stresse1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye1
- Direction
- changese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e1“Zn and Cu stress led to reduced growth and physiological parameters, it promoted oxidative stress, changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and imbalance of mineral nutrients in cannabis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin alleviated growth retardation and physiological disorders of hemp seedlings under normal and heavy metal stress conditions
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- melatonine2
- Outcome
- growth retardation and physiological disorders of seedlingse2
- Direction
- alleviatede2
- Qualifier
- under normal conditions and heavy metal stresse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e2“melatonin alleviated the growth retardation and physiological disorders of seedlings under normal conditions and heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improved reduced glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme activity in hemp seedlings
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- melatonine3
- Gene
- glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidasee3
- Outcome
- content of reduced glutathione and the activity of antioxidant enzymese3
- Direction
- improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e3“The content of reduced glutathione and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase were improved by melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and Zn reduced shoot and root contents of Fe, Ca and K ions in hemp seedlings
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse4
- Treatment
- Cu and Zne4
- Outcome
- content of Fe, Ca and K ionse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e4“Cu and Zn caused reduced content of Fe, Ca and K ions in shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin adjusted nutrient contents of metal-stressed hemp seedlings up to the control level
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- Melatonin treatmente5
- Outcome
- nutrients content in metal-stressed seedlingse5
- Direction
- adjuste5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e5“Melatonin treatment was able to adjust the nutrients content in metal-stressed seedlings up to the level of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin reduced toxic levels of Cu and Zn in hemp seedlings
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous melatonine6
- Outcome
- toxic levels of Cu and Zne6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e6“Exogenous melatonin reduced toxic levels of Cu and Zn in seedlings overloaded with copper and zinc”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin raised K, Ca and Fe concentrations in roots and shoots of stressed hemp seedlings
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse7
- Treatment
- MTe7
- Outcome
- K, Ca and Fe concentrationse7
- Direction
- raisede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e7“MT also raised K, Ca and Fe concentrations in roots and shoots of seedlings under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin acts as a powerful antioxidant in hemp seedlings under metal stress
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Compound
- melatonine6
- Outcome
- powerful antioxidante6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e6“melatonin acts as a powerful antioxidant”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin acts as a regulator of ion homeostasis in hemp seedlings under heavy metal toxicity
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Compound
- melatonine6
- Outcome
- ion homeostasise7
- Qualifier
- under heavy metal toxicitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L. plants”
e6“melatonin acts as a powerful antioxidant”
e7“a potent regulator of ion homeostasis in cannabis seedlings under heavy metal toxicity”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · molecular: metabolites · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
zinc atom · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
copper atom · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →melatonin · growth · Cannabis sativaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
copper atom · physiology: oxidative · Cannabis sativaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
heavy metal · growth · Cannabis sativaResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.