Abstract
Fibrous plants with higher biomass, particularly industrial hemp, have ability to withstand and accumulate significant quantities of heavy metals from contaminated environments. The present study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of different levels (ratios) of macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) viz., NPK1NPK (1:1:1); NPK2NPK (2:1:1); NPK3NPK (3:1:2); NPK4NPK (4:1:2) on hemp growth and Cu contents under various levels of Cu stress (100, 400 and 800 mg kg−1 on dry soil basis using CuSO4·5H2O). Results revealed that by increasing the Cu stress, growth and biomass decreased linearly and lipid per oxidation and enzymatic antioxidants increased. Balanced application of NPK improved the biomass and decreased the membrane damage by the modulation of malonaldehyde contents. Maximum concentration of Cu in roots (377.47 ± 4.90 mg kg−1), shoots (137.45 ± 5.60 mg kg−1) and (150.07 ± 3.57 mg kg−1) was recorded at Cu3NPK2 treatment as compared to control. Maximum translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation coefficients (BAC) in the shoots and leaves of hemp plant were noticed where Cu stress was applied at the rate of 100 mg kg−1. However, BAC and TF were below 1. The NPK2 treatment enhanced biomass and increase Cu content both in leaves and stems, rather than the roots. Our study suggests that balanced application of NPK is a practicable approach to alleviate Cu stress and improve biomass production of industrial hemp plant. These findings indicate that optimum nutrient supply, under Cu stress, can maximize the growth potential and overall health of industrial hemp, making it a viable option for phytoremediation and sustainable agriculture on contaminated soils.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing copper stress linearly decreased hemp growth and biomass.
- Taxon
- hemp
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativat0 - Treatment
- Cu stresse1
- Outcome
- growth and biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“by increasing the Cu stress, growth and biomass decreased linearly”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing copper stress increased lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu stresse2
- Outcome
- lipid per oxidation and enzymatic antioxidantse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“lipid per oxidation and enzymatic antioxidants increased”
e2“by increasing the Cu stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced NPK application improved hemp biomass.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- Balanced application of NPKe1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“Balanced application of NPK improved the biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced NPK application decreased membrane damage.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- Balanced application of NPKe1
- Compound
- malonaldehydee1
- Outcome
- membrane damagee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“Balanced application of NPK improved the biomass and decreased the membrane damage by the modulation of malonaldehyde contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu3NPK2 yielded maximum root copper concentration of 377.47 ± 4.90 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu3NPK2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- concentration of Cu in rootse1
- Direction
- Maximume1
- Value
- 377.47 ± 4.90 mg kg−1e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“Maximum concentration of Cu in roots (377.47 ± 4.90 mg kg−1), shoots (137.45 ± 5.60 mg kg−1) and (150.07 ± 3.57 mg kg−1) was recorded at Cu3NPK2 treatment as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu3NPK2 yielded shoot copper concentration of 137.45 ± 5.60 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu3NPK2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- shootse1
- Direction
- Maximume1
- Value
- 137.45 ± 5.60 mg kg−1e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“Maximum concentration of Cu in roots (377.47 ± 4.90 mg kg−1), shoots (137.45 ± 5.60 mg kg−1) and (150.07 ± 3.57 mg kg−1) was recorded at Cu3NPK2 treatment as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu3NPK2 yielded another reported copper concentration of 150.07 ± 3.57 mg kg−1, with tissue unspecified.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu3NPK2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- Cu3NPK2 treatmente1
- Value
- 150.07 ± 3.57 mg kg−1e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“and (150.07 ± 3.57 mg kg−1) was recorded at Cu3NPK2 treatment as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mg kg−1 copper stress, shoot and leaf translocation factors and bioaccumulation coefficients were maximal.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu stress was applied at the rate of 100 mg kg−1e1
- Outcome
- translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation coefficients (BAC)e1
- Direction
- Maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“Maximum translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation coefficients (BAC) in the shoots and leaves of hemp plant were noticed where Cu stress was applied at the rate of 100 mg kg−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemp BAC and TF values remained below one.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Outcome
- BAC and TFe1
- Direction
- belowe1
- Value
- 1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“BAC and TF were below 1”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK2 enhanced hemp biomass.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- NPK2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“NPK2 treatment enhanced biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK2 increased copper content in hemp leaves and stems rather than roots.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- NPK2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- Cu content both in leaves and stemse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- rootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“NPK2 treatment enhanced biomass and increase Cu content both in leaves and stems, rather than the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend balanced NPK to alleviate copper stress and improve hemp biomass.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Outcome
- balanced application of NPK is a practicable approach to alleviate Cu stress and improve biomass productione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“hemp”
e1“balanced application of NPK is a practicable approach to alleviate Cu stress and improve biomass production of industrial hemp plant”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.