Abstract
While most studies on floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) concur that additions of nitrogen (N) increase plant growth, the performance of floral hemp is heavily influenced by environmental conditions, management and cultivar selection. In regions with a short growing season, the availability of soil N may determine plant developmental rates, final inflorescence biomass and cannabinoid concentrations, but no studies have addressed this for field-grown hemp under high-desert conditions. This field study evaluated the effect of no supplemental N and N fertilization at 90 kg ha-1 on three hemp cultivars (Berry Blossom, Red Bordeaux, and Tahoe Cinco) in Northern Nevada. N increased plant height, canopy cover, stem diameter and shoot biomass, but other physiological parameters were dependent on cultivar. For instance, inflorescence biomass and inflorescence-to-shoot ratio in Red Bordeaux was not affected by N fertilization. Similarly, cannabinoid concentrations were affected by timing of harvest and cultivar but not by N treatment. We evaluated the use of a SPAD meter for ease of determining leaf N deficiency, and correlations with leaf chlorophyll content showed that the SPAD meter was a reliable tool in two cultivars but not in Tahoe Cinco. N treatment increased overall CBD yield, which was driven by increases in inflorescence biomass. Tahoe Cinco was the best CBD yielding cultivar, as it maintained a high inflorescence-to-shoot ratio regardless of N treatment. Our study suggests that even though hemp may have a positive response to soil N management, adjustments based on genotype by environment interaction should be aimed at maximizing cannabinoid yield either by increasing biomass and/or CBD concentrations as long as THC levels are within the permissible <0.3% for U.S. industrial hemp cultivation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased height, canopy cover and stem diameter of floral hemp.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Cannabis sativat0 - Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- plant height, canopy cover, stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N increased plant height, canopy cover, stem diameter and shoot biomass, but other physiological parameters were dependent on cultivar.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased floral hemp shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N increased plant height, canopy cover, stem diameter and shoot biomass, but other physiological parameters were dependent on cultivar.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Other physiological responses to nitrogen depended on cultivar.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- other physiological parameterse0
- Qualifier
- dependent on cultivare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N increased plant height, canopy cover, stem diameter and shoot biomass, but other physiological parameters were dependent on cultivar.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization did not affect Red Bordeaux inflorescence biomass or inflorescence-to-shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Material
- Red Bordeauxe0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- inflorescence biomass and inflorescence-to-shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For instance, inflorescence biomass and inflorescence-to-shoot ratio in Red Bordeaux was not affected by N fertilization.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cannabinoid concentrations varied with harvest timing.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- timing of harveste0
- Outcome
- cannabinoid concentrationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, cannabinoid concentrations were affected by timing of harvest and cultivar but not by N treatment.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cannabinoid concentrations varied with cultivar.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- cannabinoid concentrationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, cannabinoid concentrations were affected by timing of harvest and cultivar but not by N treatment.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen treatment did not affect cannabinoid concentrations.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- N treatmente0
- Outcome
- cannabinoid concentrationse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, cannabinoid concentrations were affected by timing of harvest and cultivar but not by N treatment.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A SPAD meter reliably indicated leaf nitrogen deficiency in two cultivars.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- leaf N deficiencye0
- Value
- two cultivarse0
- Qualifier
- reliable toole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We evaluated the use of a SPAD meter for ease of determining leaf N deficiency, and correlations with leaf chlorophyll content showed that the SPAD meter was a reliable tool in two cultivars but not in Tahoe Cinco.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The SPAD meter was unreliable for Tahoe Cinco.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Material
- Tahoe Cincoe0
- Outcome
- leaf N deficiencye0
- Value
- two cultivarse0
- Qualifier
- not in Tahoe Cincoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We evaluated the use of a SPAD meter for ease of determining leaf N deficiency, and correlations with leaf chlorophyll content showed that the SPAD meter was a reliable tool in two cultivars but not in Tahoe Cinco.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen treatment increased overall CBD yield.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- N treatmente0
- Outcome
- overall CBD yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N treatment increased overall CBD yield, which was driven by increases in inflorescence biomass.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher inflorescence biomass drove the increase in CBD yield.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- overall CBD yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increases in inflorescence biomasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N treatment increased overall CBD yield, which was driven by increases in inflorescence biomass.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tahoe Cinco yielded the most CBD.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Material
- Tahoe Cincoe0
- Outcome
- CBD yieldinge0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tahoe Cinco was the best CBD yielding cultivar, as it maintained a high inflorescence-to-shoot ratio regardless of N treatment.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tahoe Cinco maintained a high inflorescence-to-shoot ratio regardless of nitrogen treatment.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Material
- Tahoe Cincoe0
- Outcome
- inflorescence-to-shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- regardless of N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tahoe Cinco was the best CBD yielding cultivar, as it maintained a high inflorescence-to-shoot ratio regardless of N treatment.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Management should account for genotype by environment interaction to maximize cannabinoid yield while keeping THC below the permissible limit.
- Taxon
- floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- maximizing cannabinoid yielde0
- Qualifier
- THC levels are within the permissible <0.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study suggests that even though hemp may have a positive response to soil N management, adjustments based on genotype by environment interaction should be aimed at maximizing cannabinoid yield either by increasing biomass and/or CBD concentrations as long as THC levels are within the permissible <0.3% for U.S. industrial hemp cultivation.”
t0“floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
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