Abstract
The synergistic interaction between melatonin and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) represents a promising approach to enhancing plant performance under physiological stress. This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of melatonin and ZnO-NPs on growth, physiological attributes, oxidative stress mitigation, nutrient uptake, and secondary metabolite production in Cannabis sativa L. Plants were treated with melatonin and ZnO-NPs (5 and 10 ppm) under controlled greenhouse conditions, and responses were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to compare treatment means. Significant interaction effects between melatonin and ZnO-NPs were detected for most parameters. The co-application of melatonin and 10 ppm ZnO-NPs produced the greatest improvements in shoot and root biomass, relative water content, membrane stability, and photosynthetic pigments. Combined treatments markedly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating enhanced oxidative stress tolerance. ZnO-NPs promoted nutrient accumulation (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn), while melatonin contributed to improved nitrogen metabolism. The joint application further elevated secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, cannabidiol (CBD), and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). These findings demonstrate that melatonin and ZnO-NPs act synergistically to optimize growth, strengthen antioxidant defense, and enhance bioactive metabolite synthesis in hemp, offering potential strategies for sustainable improvement of high-value crops.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin and ZnO-NPs showed significant interaction effects on most measured parameters of Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L
Cannabis sativae3 - Treatment
- melatonin and ZnO-NPse2
- Outcome
- interaction effectse1
- Setting
- controlled greenhouse conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant interaction effects between melatonin and ZnO-NPs were detected for most parameters”
e2“Plants were treated with melatonin and ZnO-NPs (5 and 10 ppm) under controlled greenhouse conditions”
e3“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of melatonin and 10 ppm ZnO-NPs produced the greatest improvement in shoot and root biomass of Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae3
- Treatment
- co-application of melatonin and 10 ppm ZnO-NPse1
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse1
- Direction
- greatest improvementse1
- Setting
- controlled greenhouse conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The co-application of melatonin and 10 ppm ZnO-NPs produced the greatest improvements in shoot and root biomass, relative water content, membrane stability, and photosynthetic pigments”
e2“Plants were treated with melatonin and ZnO-NPs (5 and 10 ppm) under controlled greenhouse conditions”
e3“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of melatonin and 10 ppm ZnO-NPs produced the greatest improvement in relative water content, membrane stability and photosynthetic pigments of Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae3
- Treatment
- co-application of melatonin and 10 ppm ZnO-NPse1
- Outcome
- relative water content, membrane stability, and photosynthetic pigmentse1
- Direction
- greatest improvementse1
- Setting
- controlled greenhouse conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The co-application of melatonin and 10 ppm ZnO-NPs produced the greatest improvements in shoot and root biomass, relative water content, membrane stability, and photosynthetic pigments”
e2“Plants were treated with melatonin and ZnO-NPs (5 and 10 ppm) under controlled greenhouse conditions”
e3“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined melatonin and ZnO-NP treatments markedly reduced H2O2 and MDA levels in Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae2
- Treatment
- Combined treatmentse1
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levelse1
- Direction
- markedly reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined treatments markedly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels”
e2“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs promoted accumulation of Ca, K and Mg in Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae2
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse1
- Outcome
- Ca, K, Mge1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“ZnO-NPs promoted nutrient accumulation (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn)”
e2“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs promoted accumulation of Fe, Mn and Cu in Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae2
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse1
- Outcome
- Fe, Mn, Cue1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“ZnO-NPs promoted nutrient accumulation (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn)”
e2“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs promoted Zn accumulation in Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae2
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse1
- Outcome
- Zne1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“ZnO-NPs promoted nutrient accumulation (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn)”
e2“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improved nitrogen metabolism in Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae2
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- nitrogen metabolisme1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“melatonin contributed to improved nitrogen metabolism”
e2“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
The joint application further elevated flavonoids, phenolics and alkaloids in Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae2
- Treatment
- joint applicatione1
- Outcome
- flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloidse1
- Direction
- further elevatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The joint application further elevated secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, cannabidiol (CBD), and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)”
e2“production in Cannabis sativa L”
Claim · model-written summary
The joint application further elevated cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Cannabis sativa.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa LCannabis sativae2
- Treatment
- joint applicatione1
- Outcome
- cannabidiol (CBD), and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)e1
- Direction
- further elevatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The joint application further elevated secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, cannabidiol (CBD), and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)”
e2“production in Cannabis sativa L”
The same questions in other papers
melatonin · growth · Cannabis sativaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.