Abstract
Schinus fasciculatus (Griseb.) I.M. Johnst and S. gracilipes I.M. Johnst are plants rich in secondary metabolites traditionally used for dye, fodder, and medicinal purposes. This work is a comprehensive comparative analysis of leaf architecture and histochemistry between the two species to determine the in situ localization of their secondary metabolites. Leaf anatomy was characterized by classical histological methods. Fresh leaf cross-sections were treated with ferric chloride, Fast Blue B, aluminium chloride, vanillin-HCl, 1% KOH, Sudan IV, Neu´s, NADI, Liebermann-Burchard, PAS, and lugol. The leaves of both species shared morphological traits suitable for survival in water-limited environments, such as amphistomacy and anomocytic stomata. Glandular and non-glandular trichomes were abundant in S. gracilipes suggesting that they have a protective role against biotic and abiotic stresses. Some features like mesophyll structure and thickness indicate S. fasciculatus leaves respond better to the selective pressure of extreme environments. The histochemical analysis revealed a widespread distribution of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in the mesophyll tissue of both species. Glandular trichomes contained polysaccharides, terpenoids and phenolic compounds, including flavonoids. Numerous schizogenous phloem ducts containing terpenoids were observed in both species, with alkaloids only present in the phloem ducts of S. fasciculatus. These findings suggest that terpenoids and phenolic compounds in both Schinus species serve as plant defenses and protect against environmental stresses. The distribution and abundance of tannins and flavonoids suggest they protect against excessive UV radiation and reactive oxygen species. The ecophysiological significance of the results are discussed in relation to other Anacardiaceae species.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Both species have amphistomatic leaves and anomocytic stomata.
Verbatim
e0“The leaves of both species shared morphological traits suitable for survival in water-limited environments, such as amphistomacy and anomocytic stomata.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glandular and non-glandular trichomes were abundant in S. gracilipes.
- Taxon
- S. gracilipesSchinus gracilipese0
- Organ / stage
- trichomese0
- Outcome
- abundante0
Verbatim
e0“Glandular and non-glandular trichomes were abundant in S. gracilipes suggesting that they have a protective role against biotic and abiotic stresses.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesophyll structure and thickness suggest stronger extreme-environment response in S. fasciculatus leaves.
Verbatim
e0“Some features like mesophyll structure and thickness indicate S. fasciculatus leaves respond better to the selective pressure of extreme environments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic compounds and terpenoids were widespread in the mesophyll of both species.
Verbatim
e0“The histochemical analysis revealed a widespread distribution of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in the mesophyll tissue of both species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glandular trichomes contained polysaccharides, terpenoids and phenolic compounds.
Verbatim
e0“Glandular trichomes contained polysaccharides, terpenoids and phenolic compounds, including flavonoids.”
t0“Schinus fasciculatus”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species had numerous terpenoid-containing schizogenous phloem ducts.
Verbatim
e0“Numerous schizogenous phloem ducts containing terpenoids were observed in both species, with alkaloids only present in the phloem ducts of S. fasciculatus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaloids in phloem ducts were confined to S. fasciculatus.
Verbatim
e0“with alkaloids only present in the phloem ducts of S. fasciculatus.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer defensive and stress-protective roles for terpenoids and phenolic compounds.
- Compound
- terpenoids and phenolic compoundse0
- Outcome
- plant defenses and protect against environmental stressese0
SchinusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings suggest that terpenoids and phenolic compounds in both Schinus species serve as plant defenses and protect against environmental stresses.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer UV and reactive-oxygen protection from tannin and flavonoid distribution.
Verbatim
e0“The distribution and abundance of tannins and flavonoids suggest they protect against excessive UV radiation and reactive oxygen species.”
t0“Schinus fasciculatus”