Abstract
IntroductionMung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is native to India and its seeds are rich in phosphorus and protein. Drought is one of the most important limiting agents of plant production. Carbohydrate metabolism and the process of dry matter distribution is disrupted by limitation of carbon stabilization due to stomata closure and reduction of photosynthesis under drought stress. Potassium is an essential nutrient and the most abundant cation that it has a major role in plant growth and almost all related activities. The presence of potassium enhanced the synthesis of hydrocarbons and proteins, which results in amplification of plant tolerance to drought stress.Materials and MethodsExperiment was performed at Agricultural Research Institute, in 2017-2018 to study the yield and nutritive value of mung bean. This research was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot was drought stress consist of 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from the A class pan and sub plot was including 0, 85, 170 and 255 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate fertilizer. The characteristics plant height, biological yield, seed yield, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent, insoluble fiber in acid detergent, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and dry matter digestibility were measured. The samples nitrogen content was estimated by Kjeldahl set and it was multiplied by the protein coefficient 6.25 and the crude protein percentage was calculated. Van Soest method was used for measuring of insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and insoluble fiber in acid detergent. Ethanol was utilized to measure soluble sugars by sulfuric acid method. The percentage of digestible dry matter was estimated according to Equation (1).DMD= 88.9 - (0.779×ADF%) (1) Variance analysis of data was carried out by MSTAT-C software and the comparison of the means was done with Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% probability level.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that drought stress treatment on all mung bean plant characteristics was significance at 1% level. The effect of sulfate potassium fertilizer on plant height, biological yield, seed yield, insoluble fiber in acid detergent, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and dry matter digestibility at 1% significance level and on insoluble fiber in neutral detergent were significant at 5% level. The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height, biological yield, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent, insoluble fiber in acid detergent, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and dry matter digestibility at 1% significance level and on seed yield were significant at 5% level. The results showed that in the control irrigation + application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1) compared to the control potassium treatment, plant height and biological yield increased by 37.9% and 89.6%, respectively. In the control irrigation + application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1) compared to the control potassium treatment, dry matter digestibility increased by 30.12% and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and insoluble fiber in acid detergent decreased by 44.3% and 43.8%, respectively. The most amount of water soluble carbohydrate (18.3%) in 120 mm evaporation from A class pan and the highest value of crude protein (22.8%) in 90 mm evaporation from A class pan and in both characteristic application were effective 170 kg.ha-1 of potassium sulfate.ConclusionThe result showed that interaction of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative of mung bean traits was significant. Plant height and biological yield increased 37.9% and 89.6% by addition of sulfate potassium consumption from 0 to 170 kg.ha-1, respectively. Seed yield enhanced compared to control treatment (33.8%) by using of 255 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate. Drought stress decreased dry matter digestibility and it increased crude protein, water soluble carbohydrate, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and insoluble fiber in acid detergent. Potassium sulfate fertilizer amount 170 and 255 kg.ha-1 recommend for maintaining of yield and qualitative of mung bean in Sistan region in non-stress and drought stress conditions.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly affected all measured mung bean characteristics at the 1% level.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- drought stress treatmente0
- Outcome
- all mung bean plant characteristicse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“drought stress treatment on all mung bean plant characteristics was significance at 1% level”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulfate fertilizer significantly affected plant height, biological and seed yield, acid detergent fiber, soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and dry matter digestibility at the 1% level.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- sulfate potassium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant height, biological yield, seed yield, insoluble fiber in acid detergent, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and dry matter digestibilitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“The effect of sulfate potassium fertilizer on plant height, biological yield, seed yield, insoluble fiber in acid detergent, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and dry matter digestibility at 1% significance level”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulfate fertilizer significantly affected neutral detergent fiber at the 5% level.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- potassium sulfate fertilizere1
- Outcome
- insoluble fiber in neutral detergente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“on insoluble fiber in neutral detergent were significant at 5% level”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and fertilizer interacted significantly for plant height, biological yield, fiber fractions, soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and digestibility at the 1% level.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Plant height, biological yield, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent, insoluble fiber in acid detergent, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and dry matter digestibilitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height, biological yield, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent, insoluble fiber in acid detergent, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and dry matter digestibility at 1% significance level”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and fertilizer interacted significantly for seed yield at the 5% level.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- potassium sulfate fertilizere1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“on seed yield were significant at 5% level”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
At control irrigation, 170 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate increased plant height by 37.9% versus no potassium.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37.9%e0
- Qualifier
- control irrigatione0
- Comparator
- control potassium treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“in the control irrigation + application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1) compared to the control potassium treatment, plant height and biological yield increased by 37.9% and 89.6%, respectively”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
At control irrigation, 170 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate increased biological yield by 89.6% versus no potassium.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 89.6%e0
- Comparator
- control potassium treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“in the control irrigation + application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1) compared to the control potassium treatment, plant height and biological yield increased by 37.9% and 89.6%, respectively”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
At control irrigation, 170 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate increased dry matter digestibility by 30.12%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- dry matter digestibilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.12%e0
- Comparator
- control potassium treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“In the control irrigation + application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1) compared to the control potassium treatment, dry matter digestibility increased by 30.12% and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and insoluble fiber in acid detergent decreased by 44.3% and 43.8%, respectively”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
At control irrigation, 170 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate decreased neutral detergent fiber by 44.3%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- insoluble fiber in neutral detergente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 44.3%e0
- Comparator
- control potassium treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“In the control irrigation + application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1) compared to the control potassium treatment, dry matter digestibility increased by 30.12% and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and insoluble fiber in acid detergent decreased by 44.3% and 43.8%, respectively”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
At control irrigation, 170 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate decreased acid detergent fiber by 43.8%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- insoluble fiber in acid detergente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 43.8%e0
- Comparator
- control potassium treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“In the control irrigation + application of potassium sulfate fertilizer (170 kg.ha-1) compared to the control potassium treatment, dry matter digestibility increased by 30.12% and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and insoluble fiber in acid detergent decreased by 44.3% and 43.8%, respectively”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Water soluble carbohydrate peaked at 18.3% under 120 mm evaporation with 170 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 120 mm evaporation from A class pane0
- Outcome
- water soluble carbohydratee0
- Direction
- moste0
- Value
- 18.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“The most amount of water soluble carbohydrate (18.3%) in 120 mm evaporation from A class pan and the highest value of crude protein (22.8%) in 90 mm evaporation from A class pan and in both characteristic application were effective 170 kg.ha-1 of potassium sulfate”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein peaked at 22.8% under 90 mm evaporation with 170 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 90 mm evaporation from A class pane0
- Outcome
- crude proteine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 22.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“The most amount of water soluble carbohydrate (18.3%) in 120 mm evaporation from A class pan and the highest value of crude protein (22.8%) in 90 mm evaporation from A class pan and in both characteristic application were effective 170 kg.ha-1 of potassium sulfate”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulfate at 255 kg.ha-1 increased seed yield by 33.8% versus control.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 255 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 33.8%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Seed yield enhanced compared to control treatment (33.8%) by using of 255 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced dry matter digestibility.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- dry matter digestibilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Drought stress decreased dry matter digestibility”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased crude protein, water soluble carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- crude protein, water soluble carbohydrate, insoluble fiber in neutral detergente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“it increased crude protein, water soluble carbohydrate, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and insoluble fiber in acid detergent”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased acid detergent fiber.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- insoluble fiber in acid detergente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“it increased crude protein, water soluble carbohydrate, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and insoluble fiber in acid detergent”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 170 and 255 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate for maintaining mung bean yield and quality under nonstress and drought conditions in Sistan.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Potassium sulfate fertilizer amount 170 and 255 kg.ha-1e0
- Outcome
- maintaining of yield and qualitative of mung beane0
- Setting
- Sistan regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mung Bean Forage (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Potassium sulfate fertilizer amount 170 and 255 kg.ha-1 recommend for maintaining of yield and qualitative of mung bean in Sistan region in non-stress and drought stress conditions”
e1“The interaction effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate fertilizer on Plant height”
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