Abstract
Summary Soil contamination with arsenic (As) can cause phytotoxicity and reduce crop yield. The mechanisms of As toxicity and tolerance are not fully understood. In this study, we used a forward genetics approach to isolate a rice mutant, ahs1 , that exhibits hypersensitivity to both arsenate and arsenite. Through genomic resequencing and complementation tests, we identified OsLPD1 as the causal gene, which encodes a putative lipoamide dehydrogenase. OsLPD1 was expressed in the outer cell layer of roots, root meristem cells, and in the mesophyll and vascular tissues of leaves. Subcellular localization and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that OsLPD1 is localized in the stroma of plastids. In vitro assays showed that OsLPD1 exhibited lipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD) activity, which was strongly inhibited by arsenite, but not by arsenate. The ahs1 and OsLPD1 knockout mutants exhibited significantly reduced NADH/NAD + and GSH/GSSG ratios, along with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and greater oxidative stress in the roots compared with wild‐type (WT) plants under As treatment. Additionally, loss‐of‐function of OsLPD1 also resulted in decreased fatty acid concentrations in rice grain. Taken together, our finding reveals that OsLPD1 plays an important role for maintaining redox homeostasis, conferring tolerance to arsenic stress, and regulating fatty acid biosynthesis in rice.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The ahs1 rice mutant was hypersensitive to arsenate and arsenite.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- ahs1e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitivity to both arsenate and arsenitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a rice mutant, ahs1 , that exhibits hypersensitivity to both arsenate and arsenite”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLPD1 was identified as the causal gene encoding a putative lipoamide dehydrogenase.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsLPD1e0
- Outcome
- causal genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“we identified OsLPD1 as the causal gene, which encodes a putative lipoamide dehydrogenase”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLPD1 was expressed in outer root cells, root meristem cells, and leaf mesophyll and vascular tissue.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- outer cell layer of rootse0
- Gene
- OsLPD1e0
- Outcome
- expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“OsLPD1 was expressed in the outer cell layer of roots, root meristem cells, and in the mesophyll and vascular tissues of leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLPD1 localized to plastid stroma.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsLPD1e0
- Outcome
- localized in the stroma of plastidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“OsLPD1 is localized in the stroma of plastids”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLPD1 showed lipoamide dehydrogenase activity in vitro.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsLPD1e0
- Outcome
- lipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD) activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“OsLPD1 exhibited lipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenite strongly inhibited OsLPD1 activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- arsenitee0
- Gene
- OsLPD1e2
- Outcome
- lipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD) activitye3
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- arsenatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“which was strongly inhibited by arsenite, but not by arsenate”
e2“we identified OsLPD1 as the causal gene, which encodes a putative lipoamide dehydrogenase”
e3“OsLPD1 exhibited lipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenate did not inhibit OsLPD1 activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- arsenatee0
- Gene
- OsLPD1e2
- Outcome
- lipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD) activitye3
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“but not by arsenate”
e2“we identified OsLPD1 as the causal gene, which encodes a putative lipoamide dehydrogenase”
e3“OsLPD1 exhibited lipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under arsenic treatment, ahs1 and OsLPD1 knockout mutants had reduced NADH/NAD+ and GSH/GSSG ratios relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ahs1 and OsLPD1 knockout mutantse0
- Treatment
- As treatmente0
- Outcome
- NADH/NAD + and GSH/GSSG ratiose0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild‐type (WT) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The ahs1 and OsLPD1 knockout mutants exhibited significantly reduced NADH/NAD + and GSH/GSSG ratios, along with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and greater oxidative stress in the roots compared with wild‐type (WT) plants under As treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under arsenic treatment, ahs1 and OsLPD1 knockout mutants had increased reactive oxygen species in roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- As treatmente0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- wild‐type (WT) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“increased levels of reactive oxygen species and greater oxidative stress in the roots compared with wild‐type (WT) plants under As treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Under arsenic treatment, ahs1 and OsLPD1 knockout mutants had greater root oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- As treatmente0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- wild‐type (WT) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“greater oxidative stress in the roots compared with wild‐type (WT) plants under As treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of OsLPD1 reduced fatty acid concentrations in rice grain.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- loss‐of‐function of OsLPD1e0
- Gene
- OsLPD1e0
- Outcome
- fatty acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss‐of‐function of OsLPD1 also resulted in decreased fatty acid concentrations in rice grain”
The same questions in other papers
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.