Abstract
In regions where water is a limited resource, lettuce production can be challenging. To address this, water management strategies like deficit irrigation are used to improve water-use efficiency in agriculture. Associating this strategy with silicon (Si) application could help maintain adequate levels of agricultural production even with limited water availability. Two lettuce crop cycles were conducted in a completely randomized design, with a factorial scheme (2 × 3), with three irrigation levels (60%, 80% and 100%) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and with and without Si application. To explore their combined effects, morphological, productive, physiological and nutritional parameters were evaluated in the crops. The results showed that deficit irrigation and Si application had a positive interaction: lettuce yield of the treatment with 80% ETc + Si was statistically similar to 100% ETc without Si in the first cycle, and the treatment with 60% ETc + Si was similar to 100% ETc without Si in the second cycle. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content increased under water-stress conditions with Si application; in the first cycle, the treatment with 80% ETc + Si increased by 30.1%, 31.3%, 7.8%, 28.46% and 50.3% compared to the same treatment without Si, respectively. Si application in conditions of water deficit was also beneficial to obtain a cooler canopy temperature and leaves with higher relative water content. In conclusion, we found that Si applications attenuate water deficit effects and provide a strategy to ameliorate the yield and water productivity in lettuce crops, contributing to more sustainable practices in agriculture.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
In the first cycle, 80% ETc with Si produced yield statistically similar to full irrigation without Si.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- 80% ETc + Sie0
- Outcome
- lettuce yielde0
- Direction
- statistically similare0
- Comparator
- 100% ETc without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce yield of the treatment with 80% ETc + Si was statistically similar to 100% ETc without Si in the first cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second cycle, 60% ETc with Si produced yield similar to full irrigation without Si.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 60% ETc + Sie0
- Outcome
- yieldt0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- 100% ETc without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment with 60% ETc + Si was similar to 100% ETc without Si in the second cycle”
t0“Yield, Photosynthesis and Water Productivity in Lettuce Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased Photosynthetic rate under deficit irrigation in the first cycle by 30.1%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc + Sie0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.1%e0
- Comparator
- the same treatment without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the first cycle, the treatment with 80% ETc + Si increased by 30.1%, 31.3%, 7.8%, 28.46% and 50.3% compared to the same treatment without Si, respectively”
t0“Lettuce Crops”
e1“Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content increased under water-stress conditions with Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased stomatal conductance under deficit irrigation in the first cycle by 31.3%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc + Sie0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.3%e0
- Comparator
- the same treatment without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the first cycle, the treatment with 80% ETc + Si increased by 30.1%, 31.3%, 7.8%, 28.46% and 50.3% compared to the same treatment without Si, respectively”
t0“Lettuce Crops”
e1“Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content increased under water-stress conditions with Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased intercellular CO2 concentration under deficit irrigation in the first cycle by 7.8%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc + Sie0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.8%e0
- Comparator
- the same treatment without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the first cycle, the treatment with 80% ETc + Si increased by 30.1%, 31.3%, 7.8%, 28.46% and 50.3% compared to the same treatment without Si, respectively”
t0“Lettuce Crops”
e1“Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content increased under water-stress conditions with Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased transpiration rate under deficit irrigation in the first cycle by 28.46%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc + Sie0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.46%e0
- Comparator
- the same treatment without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the first cycle, the treatment with 80% ETc + Si increased by 30.1%, 31.3%, 7.8%, 28.46% and 50.3% compared to the same treatment without Si, respectively”
t0“Lettuce Crops”
e1“Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content increased under water-stress conditions with Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased total chlorophyll content under deficit irrigation in the first cycle by 50.3%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc + Sie0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50.3%e0
- Comparator
- the same treatment without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the first cycle, the treatment with 80% ETc + Si increased by 30.1%, 31.3%, 7.8%, 28.46% and 50.3% compared to the same treatment without Si, respectively”
t0“Lettuce Crops”
e1“Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content increased under water-stress conditions with Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon under water deficit produced a cooler lettuce canopy.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Si application in conditions of water deficite0
- Outcome
- canopy temperaturee0
- Direction
- coolere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si application in conditions of water deficit was also beneficial to obtain a cooler canopy temperature”
t0“Lettuce Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon under water deficit increased lettuce leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Si application in conditions of water deficite0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si application in conditions of water deficit was also beneficial to obtain a cooler canopy temperature and leaves with higher relative water content”
t0“Lettuce Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude silicon improves lettuce water productivity under water deficit.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Si applicationse0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si applications attenuate water deficit effects and provide a strategy to ameliorate the yield and water productivity in lettuce crops”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.