Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions in terms of growth, yield, quality, and water usage efficiency. The study was conducted in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, during the two seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 on clay soil. Results indicated that water-stressed plants had a reduction in plant fresh weight, plant height, leaf area, and total yield, chlorophyll content and relative water content, while they exhibited an increase in total soluble solids, nitrate, and proline contents as well as water-use efficiency in both seasons. The foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine to lettuce significantly improved plant performance under limited and normal irrigation conditions in comparison with untreated plants. The maximum positive effect was for chitosan foliar application. Overall, the results of this study indicated that foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine was a substitute technology for improving the lettuce yield and quality as well as increasing water use efficiency under both irrigation regimes, but may be more efficient in lettuce plants subjected to a water deficit.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced lettuce plant fresh weight, plant height and leaf area compared with well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Material
- Baladye0
- Treatment
- water-stressed plantse2
- Outcome
- plant fresh weight, plant height, leaf areae2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Comparator
- well-waterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions”
e2“water-stressed plants had a reduction in plant fresh weight, plant height, leaf area, and total yield, chlorophyll content and relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced lettuce total yield, chlorophyll content and relative water content compared with well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Material
- Baladye0
- Treatment
- water-stressed plantse2
- Outcome
- total yield, chlorophyll content and relative water contente2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Comparator
- well-waterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions”
e2“water-stressed plants had a reduction in plant fresh weight, plant height, leaf area, and total yield, chlorophyll content and relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased total soluble solids, nitrate and proline contents in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids, nitrate, and proline contentse3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Comparator
- well-waterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions”
e3“they exhibited an increase in total soluble solids, nitrate, and proline contents as well as water-use efficiency in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased water-use efficiency of lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Comparator
- well-waterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions”
e3“they exhibited an increase in total soluble solids, nitrate, and proline contents as well as water-use efficiency in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan or glycine betaine significantly improved lettuce plant performance compared with untreated plants under limited and normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae4
- Treatment
- foliar application of chitosan or glycine betainee4
- Outcome
- plant performancee4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Comparator
- untreated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine to lettuce significantly improved plant performance under limited and normal irrigation conditions in comparison with untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan had the maximum positive effect on lettuce among the treatments.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- chitosan foliar applicatione5
- Outcome
- positive effecte5
- Direction
- maximume5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions”
e5“The maximum positive effect was for chitosan foliar application”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan or glycine betaine improved lettuce yield and quality under both irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae6
- Treatment
- foliar application of chitosan or glycine betainee6
- Outcome
- yield and qualitye6
- Direction
- improvinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine was a substitute technology for improving the lettuce yield and quality as well as increasing water use efficiency under both irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan or glycine betaine increased lettuce water use efficiency under both irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae6
- Treatment
- foliar application of chitosan or glycine betainee6
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye6
- Direction
- increasinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine was a substitute technology for improving the lettuce yield and quality as well as increasing water use efficiency under both irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan or glycine betaine may be more efficient in lettuce under water deficit.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae7
- Treatment
- foliar application of chitosan or glycine betainee6
- Outcome
- more efficiente7
- Direction
- more efficiente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine was a substitute technology for improving the lettuce yield and quality as well as increasing water use efficiency under both irrigation regimes”
e7“but may be more efficient in lettuce plants subjected to a water deficit”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.