Abstract
This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart. Tension wood recorded higher green moisture content (75 ± 2%), and lower basic density (562 ± 11 kg/m3) than normal wood (71 ± 2.8% and 576 ± 7.9 kg/m3, respectively). The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and compression parallel to grain (11293 ± 227.5, 106 ± 4.5 and 65 ± 1.8 MPa, respectively) for normal wood were greater than tension wood (7276 ± 443.7, 50 ± 0.4 and 50 ± 3.5 MPa, respectively). The double wall thickness (66 µm) and diameter (37 µm) of normal wood were greater than those of tension wood (65.68 and 33.24 µm, respectively). Normal wood also recorded greater fibre length (1.4 mm) than tension wood (1.2 mm). However, fibre-lumen diameter (32.24 µm) and vessel diameter (156.80 µm) were wider for tension wood than for normal wood (29.34 and 147.93 µm, respectively). With their comparable properties besides strength, T. superba tension wood would substitute its normal counterpart for light construction works to maximise total recovery and efficient use of T. superba and other timbers with such strains.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Tension wood had higher green moisture content (75 ± 2%) than normal wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superba
Terminalia superbae0 - Material
- Tension woode1
- Outcome
- green moisture contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 75 ± 2%e1
- Comparator
- normal woode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e1“Tension wood recorded higher green moisture content (75 ± 2%), and lower basic density (562 ± 11 kg/m3) than normal wood (71 ± 2.8% and 576 ± 7.9 kg/m3, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tension wood had lower basic density (562 ± 11 kg/m3) than normal wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Material
- Tension woode1
- Outcome
- basic densitye1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 562 ± 11 kg/m3e1
- Comparator
- normal woode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e1“Tension wood recorded higher green moisture content (75 ± 2%), and lower basic density (562 ± 11 kg/m3) than normal wood (71 ± 2.8% and 576 ± 7.9 kg/m3, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal wood had a greater modulus of elasticity (11293 ± 227.5) than tension wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- modulus of elasticitye2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 11293 ± 227.5e2
- Comparator
- tension woode2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e2“The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and compression parallel to grain (11293 ± 227.5, 106 ± 4.5 and 65 ± 1.8 MPa, respectively) for normal wood were greater than tension wood (7276 ± 443.7, 50 ± 0.4 and 50 ± 3.5 MPa, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal wood had a greater modulus of rupture (106 ± 4.5) than tension wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- modulus of rupturee2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 106 ± 4.5e2
- Comparator
- tension woode2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e2“The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and compression parallel to grain (11293 ± 227.5, 106 ± 4.5 and 65 ± 1.8 MPa, respectively) for normal wood were greater than tension wood (7276 ± 443.7, 50 ± 0.4 and 50 ± 3.5 MPa, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal wood had greater compression parallel to grain (65 ± 1.8) than tension wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- compression parallel to graine2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 65 ± 1.8e2
- Comparator
- tension woode2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e2“The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and compression parallel to grain (11293 ± 227.5, 106 ± 4.5 and 65 ± 1.8 MPa, respectively) for normal wood were greater than tension wood (7276 ± 443.7, 50 ± 0.4 and 50 ± 3.5 MPa, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal wood had a greater double wall thickness (66 µm) than tension wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- double wall thicknesse3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Value
- 66 µme3
- Comparator
- tension woode3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e3“The double wall thickness (66 µm) and diameter (37 µm) of normal wood were greater than those of tension wood (65.68 and 33.24 µm, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal wood had a greater fibre diameter (37 µm) than tension wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- diametere3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Value
- 37 µme3
- Comparator
- tension woode3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e3“The double wall thickness (66 µm) and diameter (37 µm) of normal wood were greater than those of tension wood (65.68 and 33.24 µm, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal wood had greater fibre length (1.4 mm) than tension wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- fibre lengthe4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 1.4 mme4
- Comparator
- tension woode4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e4“Normal wood also recorded greater fibre length (1.4 mm) than tension wood (1.2 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tension wood had wider fibre-lumen diameter (32.24 µm) than normal wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- fibre-lumen diametere5
- Direction
- widere5
- Value
- 32.24 µme5
- Comparator
- normal woode5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e5“fibre-lumen diameter (32.24 µm) and vessel diameter (156.80 µm) were wider for tension wood than for normal wood (29.34 and 147.93 µm, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tension wood had wider vessel diameter (156.80 µm) than normal wood.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- vessel diametere5
- Direction
- widere5
- Value
- 156.80 µme5
- Comparator
- normal woode5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e5“fibre-lumen diameter (32.24 µm) and vessel diameter (156.80 µm) were wider for tension wood than for normal wood (29.34 and 147.93 µm, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tension wood would substitute for normal wood in light construction works.
- Taxon
- Terminalia superbaTerminalia superbae0
- Outcome
- substitute its normal counterpart for light construction workse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study ascertained the physico-mechanical and anatomical properties of Terminalia superba tension wood, in comparison with its normal counterpart”
e6“T. superba tension wood would substitute its normal counterpart for light construction works”