Abstract
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is cultivated in many countries due to the medicinal and industrial importance of its essential oil (EO). The yield and quality of the crops to be included in the medicinal plant supply chain should be constant, but often this is not the case since they are both influenced by environmental variability and crop management. We therefore studied the influence of water availability and harvest time, during the balsamic period, on a sage crop cultivated at an experimental field site in the Molise Region (South-central Italy), evaluating the main agronomic and ecophysiological traits in terms of plant biomass production and photosynthetic performance. The yield and composition of the essential oils, extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and CG/MS, were also evaluated. The well-watered crops harvested 42 days after beginning of flowering, exhibited higher dry biomass yield than rainfed plants as well as higher values of relative water content, photosynthesis and leaf CO2 conductance. Instead, at the same time (after 42 days) the EO content was higher in rainfed plants then in well-watered ones, in which it remained constant throughout all the harvesting period. All the EOs were rich in bioactive compounds such as α-thujone, β-thujone, camphor and borneol, but only in well-watered plants the content was constant throughout all the harvesting periods. In fact, the EO of rainfed plants analyzed over the harvest time was mainly rich at the beginning in camphor and borneol, whereas in the middle in α-thujone. Our study demonstrates that the crop performance is greatly influenced by the water availability during the balsamic period. The results of this study provide new knowledge to produce sage oil of adequate quality for the different uses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Well-watered sage harvested 42 days after flowering began had higher dry biomass than rainfed sage.
- Taxon
- Salvia officinalis L.
Salvia officinalist0 - Treatment
- well-waterede0
- Outcome
- dry biomass yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 42 days after beginning of floweringe0
- Comparator
- rainfed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The well-watered crops harvested 42 days after beginning of flowering, exhibited higher dry biomass yield than rainfed plants”
t0“Salvia officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 42 well-watered sage had higher relative water content, photosynthesis and leaf CO2 conductance than rainfed sage.
- Taxon
- Salvia officinalis L.Salvia officinalist0
- Outcome
- relative water content, photosynthesis and leaf CO2 conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as higher values of relative water content, photosynthesis and leaf CO2 conductance”
t0“Salvia officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 42, rainfed sage had higher essential-oil content than well-watered sage.
- Taxon
- Salvia officinalis L.Salvia officinalist0
- Treatment
- rainfed plantse0
- Outcome
- EO contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- after 42 dayse0
- Comparator
- well-watered onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the same time (after 42 days) the EO content was higher in rainfed plants then in well-watered ones”
t0“Salvia officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential-oil content stayed constant through harvest periods under well-watered conditions.
- Taxon
- Salvia officinalis L.Salvia officinalist0
- Outcome
- it remained constante0
- Direction
- remained constante0
- Qualifier
- throughout all the harvesting periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in which it remained constant throughout all the harvesting period”
t0“Salvia officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
All sage essential oils were rich in α-thujone, β-thujone, camphor and borneol.
- Taxon
- Salvia officinalis L.Salvia officinalist0
- Outcome
- α-thujone, β-thujone, camphor and borneole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the EOs were rich in bioactive compounds such as α-thujone, β-thujone, camphor and borneol”
t0“Salvia officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil constituent content stayed constant across harvest periods only in well-watered sage.
- Taxon
- Salvia officinalis L.Salvia officinalist0
- Treatment
- well-watered plantse0
- Outcome
- the contente0
- Direction
- constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only in well-watered plants the content was constant throughout all the harvesting periods”
t0“Salvia officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfed sage oil was mainly rich in camphor and borneol at the beginning of the harvest period.
- Taxon
- Salvia officinalis L.Salvia officinalist0
- Treatment
- rainfed plantse0
- Outcome
- camphor and borneole0
- Qualifier
- at the beginninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EO of rainfed plants analyzed over the harvest time was mainly rich at the beginning in camphor and borneol”
t0“Salvia officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfed sage oil was mainly rich in α-thujone in the middle of the harvest period.
- Taxon
- Salvia officinalis L.Salvia officinalist0
- Outcome
- α-thujonee0
- Qualifier
- in the middlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas in the middle in α-thujone”
t0“Salvia officinalis L.”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · molecular: metabolites · Salvia officinalis (garden sage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.