Abstract
Soil and crop management influence soil organic carbon (SOC), chemical composition, and overall soil quality. In a Mediterranean region, a study initiated in 1994 examined the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT) versus no-tillage (NT) practices. Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009, the experiment later introduced a 2-year rotation of durum wheat and Vicia faba L. cover crops in half of the CT and NT fields. SOC was monitored from 2008 to 2018, while microbial biomass (as dsDNA), soluble nitrogen (N), and enzyme activities (EAs) were monitored from 2011 to 2014 to evaluate the rotation’s impact. Between 2009 and 2018, CT yields were on average 15% higher than NT, especially during high rainfall years. NT significantly increased SOC content in the 0–30 cm soil layer, along with higher levels of soluble N, dsDNA, and EAs at 0–10 cm depth. NT led to a 23% and 10% increase in SOC stock and SOC stock per equivalent soil mass compared to CT. EAs increased by over 50% under NT, indicating enhanced biological activity. The SOC increase due to NT was limited to the top 10 cm, with a decrease at deeper depths (up to 50 cm). Introducing cover crops over 4 years did not yield significant impacts, suggesting the need for a longer period to observe noticeable effects. Overall, adopting NT practices resulted in higher SOC concentration, enhanced soil biological activity, and improved biogeochemical cycles, emphasizing the positive impact of NT on soil health and sustainability.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage yields were on average 15% higher than no-tillage between 2009 and 2018.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume5 - Treatment
- conventional tillage (CT)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 15%e1
- Qualifier
- especially during high rainfall yearse1
- Comparator
- NTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study initiated in 1994 examined the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT) versus no-tillage (NT) practices”
e1“Between 2009 and 2018, CT yields were on average 15% higher than NT, especially during high rainfall years”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage significantly increased soil organic carbon content in the 0–30 cm soil layer compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- no-tillage (NT)e0
- Outcome
- SOC contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- 0–30 cm soil layere2
- Comparator
- conventional tillage (CT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study initiated in 1994 examined the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT) versus no-tillage (NT) practices”
e2“NT significantly increased SOC content in the 0–30 cm soil layer, along with higher levels of soluble N, dsDNA, and EAs at 0–10 cm depth”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage led to a 23% increase in soil organic carbon stock compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- NTe3
- Outcome
- SOC stocke3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 23%e3
- Comparator
- CTe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study initiated in 1994 examined the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT) versus no-tillage (NT) practices”
e3“NT led to a 23% and 10% increase in SOC stock and SOC stock per equivalent soil mass compared to CT”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage led to a 10% increase in soil organic carbon stock per equivalent soil mass compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- NTe3
- Outcome
- SOC stock per equivalent soil masse3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 10%e3
- Comparator
- CTe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study initiated in 1994 examined the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT) versus no-tillage (NT) practices”
e3“NT led to a 23% and 10% increase in SOC stock and SOC stock per equivalent soil mass compared to CT”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme activities increased by over 50% under no-tillage, indicating enhanced biological activity.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- NTe4
- Outcome
- EAse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- over 50%e4
- Qualifier
- indicating enhanced biological activitye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“EAs increased by over 50% under NT, indicating enhanced biological activity”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage gave higher soluble N, dsDNA and enzyme activities at 0–10 cm depth.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- NTe2
- Outcome
- soluble N, dsDNA, and EAse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- 0–10 cm depthe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“NT significantly increased SOC content in the 0–30 cm soil layer, along with higher levels of soluble N, dsDNA, and EAs at 0–10 cm depth”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil organic carbon increase under no-tillage was limited to the top 10 cm.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- NTe6
- Outcome
- SOC increasee6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Qualifier
- limited to the top 10 cme6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The SOC increase due to NT was limited to the top 10 cm, with a decrease at deeper depths (up to 50 cm)”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no-tillage soil organic carbon decreased at depths below the top layer, down to 50 cm.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- NTe6
- Outcome
- SOCe6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Qualifier
- up to 50 cme6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The SOC increase due to NT was limited to the top 10 cm, with a decrease at deeper depths (up to 50 cm)”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Introducing cover crops over 4 years had no significant impact on the soil measured.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- cover cropse7
- Outcome
- significant impactse7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Qualifier
- over 4 yearse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Introducing cover crops over 4 years did not yield significant impacts, suggesting the need for a longer period to observe noticeable effects”
e5“Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009”
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- positive
- no effect
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30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- negative
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.