Abstract
A study was carried out during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effects of diverse tillage and nitrogen management scenarios on growth, development, and yield of a conservation agriculture (CA)-based wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop grown in sequence with maize (Zea mays L.). Experiment was conducted in split plot design (SPD) comprised of 3 different tillage practices in main plots [Conventional tillage + residue (CT); Zero tillage + residue (ZT); and Permanent beds + residue (PB)] and 5 nitrogen (N) options in sub plots [Control (zero nitrogen); Recommended dose of N-RDN @150 kg N/ha (50 kg N/ha Basal + 2-equal splits at 37 days after sowing (DAS) and 84 DAS); Green Seeker (GS) based application of N @148 kg N/ha (GS); Urea super granules applied as basal @75 kg N/ha + GS based N application (USG); and Slow release fertilizer as 100% basal application @150 kg N/ha (SRF)] with 3-replications. The findings revealed that in both the seasons, both tillage and nitrogen management approaches significantly affected wheat growth, yield characteristics, and overall yield, whereas the time to anthesis and physiological maturity, and test weight remained unaffected. Within the spectrum of tillage practices, leaf area index (LAI) and yield attributes exhibited the trend PB>ZT>CT. PB recorded the highest grain yield (5159 kg/ha), followed by ZT (4916 kg/ha) and the lowest grain yield was observed with CT (4578 kg/ha). The wheat grain yields were 12.7% and 7.4% higher in PB and ZT, respectively, over to CT. Among nitrogen management options, the grain yield exhibited the pattern USG>N150>SRF>GS>N0. This study emphasizes that adopting conservation agriculture (CA) practices, particularly CA-based permanent beds using urea super granules (USG) for nitrogen management can improve wheat growth and yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and nitrogen approaches significantly affected wheat growth, yield traits and yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- tillage and nitrogen management approachese0
- Outcome
- wheat growth, yield characteristics, and overall yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both tillage and nitrogen management approaches significantly affected wheat growth, yield characteristics, and overall yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to anthesis and physiological maturity were unaffected by tillage and nitrogen management.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tillage and nitrogen managementt0
- Outcome
- time to anthesis and physiological maturitye0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the time to anthesis and physiological maturity, and test weight remained unaffected”
t0“tillage and nitrogen management on growth and yield of conservation agriculture-based wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Test weight was unaffected by tillage and nitrogen management.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tillage and nitrogen managementt0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the time to anthesis and physiological maturity, and test weight remained unaffected”
t0“tillage and nitrogen management on growth and yield of conservation agriculture-based wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index ranked PB above ZT above CT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- PB>ZT>CTe0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area index (LAI) and yield attributes exhibited the trend PB>ZT>CT”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield attributes ranked PB above ZT above CT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- yield attributese0
- Direction
- PB>ZT>CTe0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area index (LAI) and yield attributes exhibited the trend PB>ZT>CT”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PB grain yield was highest at 5159 kg/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PB recorded the highest grain yield (5159 kg/ha)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT grain yield was 4916 kg/ha and 7.4% above CT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 4916 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT (4916 kg/ha) and the lowest grain yield was observed with CT (4578 kg/ha). The wheat grain yields were 12.7% and 7.4% higher in PB and ZT, respectively, over to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
CT produced the lowest grain yield, 4578 kg/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest grain yield was observed with CT (4578 kg/ha)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PB grain yield was 12.7% higher than CT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 12.7%e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat grain yields were 12.7% and 7.4% higher in PB and ZT, respectively, over to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen management grain yield ranked USG above N150, SRF, GS and N0.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- USGe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- USG>N150>SRF>GS>N0e0
- Comparator
- N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain yield exhibited the pattern USG>N150>SRF>GS>N0”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend permanent beds and urea super granules to improve wheat growth and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- adopting conservation agriculture (CA) practices, particularly CA-based permanent beds using urea super granules (USG) for nitrogen managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adopting conservation agriculture (CA) practices, particularly CA-based permanent beds using urea super granules (USG) for nitrogen management can improve wheat growth and yield”
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