Abstract
Although the conventional tillage (CT) system dominates in the cultivation of wheat in Europe, currently, mainly for economic and environmental reasons, especially in the case of new varietal genotypes, reduced tillage systems (RT), including no-tillage (NT), are practised. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of tillage systems on yield, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the quantity and quality of protein of hybrid winter wheat cultivars grown under various hydrothermal conditions in the years of the research. A field experiment was carried out between 2016 and 2019 in Domaradz (49°47′38′′ N, 21°56′54′′ E), Poland. The following factors were tested: three tillage systems—conventional (CT), reduced (RT) and no-tillage (NT), and five hybrid cultivars of winter wheat—Hybery, Hyking, Hymalaya, Hypocamp and Hyvento. The highest grain yield and the most favourable values of physiological parameters were found in the CT system in comparison to the reduced systems RT and NT. Unfavourable hydrothermal conditions with a deficit of precipitation during the 2018/2019 growing season resulted in a decrease in the grain yield and selected physiological parameters in the CT system, while they increased in the NT system. More favourable physiological parameters and higher yields resulted from cultivation of hybrid winter wheat in the CT system for cvs. Hymalaya and Hypocamp grain, and in the NT system for cv. Hyking. The use of the CT system in comparison to RT and NT resulted in a significant increase in the value of grain quality parameters and the content of the sum of gliadins and glutenins as well as γ, ω gliadins and HMW glutenins. No statistical differences were found in the content of albumin and globulin or α/β subunits of gliadins and LMW glutenins in the CT and RT systems. Cvs. Hyvento and Hyking, in the CT as well as in the RT and NT systems, obtained higher values of quality characteristics and fractions and subunits of gluten proteins, especially when low hydrothermal coefficients were recorded during the grain formation and ripening period (June–July).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had highest grain yield versus reduced and no tillage.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- CT systeme0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- reduced systems RT and NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield and the most favourable values of physiological parameters were found in the CT system in comparison to the reduced systems RT and NT”
e1“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave the most favorable physiological parameters.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CT systeme0
- Outcome
- physiological parameterse0
- Direction
- most favourablee0
- Comparator
- reduced systems RT and NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield and the most favourable values of physiological parameters were found in the CT system in comparison to the reduced systems RT and NT”
e1“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry 2018/2019 conditions decreased yield and physiology under CT.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Unfavourable hydrothermal conditions with a deficit of precipitatione0
- Outcome
- grain yield and selected physiological parameterse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- during the 2018/2019 growing seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unfavourable hydrothermal conditions with a deficit of precipitation during the 2018/2019 growing season resulted in a decrease in the grain yield and selected physiological parameters in the CT system”
e1“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Under dry 2018/2019 conditions yield and selected physiology increased under NT.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- NT systeme0
- Outcome
- grain yield and selected physiological parameterse1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Unfavourable hydrothermal conditions with a deficit of precipitation during the 2018/2019 growing seasone2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while they increased in the NT system”
e1“grain yield and selected physiological parameters”
e2“Unfavourable hydrothermal conditions with a deficit of precipitation during the 2018/2019 growing season”
e3“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hymalaya and Hypocamp yielded better under CT.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Hymalaya and Hypocampe0
- Treatment
- CT systeme0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More favourable physiological parameters and higher yields resulted from cultivation of hybrid winter wheat in the CT system for cvs. Hymalaya and Hypocamp grain”
e1“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyking yielded better under NT.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Hykinge0
- Treatment
- NT systeme0
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and in the NT system for cv. Hyking”
e1“More favourable physiological parameters and higher yields”
e2“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
CT significantly increased grain quality and gliadin/glutenin content versus RT and NT.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CT systeme0
- Outcome
- grain quality parameters and the content of the sum of gliadins and gluteninse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- RT and NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of the CT system in comparison to RT and NT resulted in a significant increase in the value of grain quality parameters and the content of the sum of gliadins and glutenins as well as γ, ω gliadins and HMW glutenins”
e1“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Albumin, globulin, α/β gliadins and LMW glutenins did not differ statistically between CT and RT.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- content of albumin and globulin or α/β subunits of gliadins and LMW gluteninse0
- Direction
- No statistical differencese0
- Comparator
- RTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No statistical differences were found in the content of albumin and globulin or α/β subunits of gliadins and LMW glutenins in the CT and RT systems”
e1“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyvento and Hyking had higher quality and gluten protein fractions across tillage systems, especially under low hydrothermal coefficients.
- Taxon
- hybrid winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Hyvento and Hykinge0
- Outcome
- quality characteristics and fractions and subunits of gluten proteinse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- low hydrothermal coefficientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cvs. Hyvento and Hyking, in the CT as well as in the RT and NT systems, obtained higher values of quality characteristics and fractions and subunits of gluten proteins, especially when low hydrothermal coefficients were recorded during the grain formation and ripening period (June–July)”
e1“hybrid winter wheat cultivars”
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