Abstract
Soil degradation has been accelerated by the use of chemical pesticides and poor agricultural practices, which has had an impact on crop productivity. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the use of eco-friendly biochar applications to enhance soil quality and sequester carbon in sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to determine the individual and combined effects of Leaf Waste Biochar (LWB) and the bio-control agent Trichoderma harzianum (BCA) on the development of bacterial wilt in eggplants ( Solanum melongena ) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS). The effects of LWB and BCA on eggplant physiology and defense-related biochemistry were comprehensively examined. Inoculated (+RS) and un-inoculated (–RS) eggplants were grown in potting mixtures containing 3% and 6% (v/v) LWB, both with and without BCA. The percentage disease index was considerably reduced (90%) in plants grown in the 6% LWB+ BCA amended treatments. Moreover, the plants grown in LWB and inoculated with BCA had higher phenolics, flavonoids and peroxidase contents compared to the non-amended control. The level of NPK was significantly increased (92.74% N, 76.47% P, 53.73% K) in the eggplants cultivated in the 6% LWB + BCA composition. This study has shown that the association of T. harzianum with biochar improved plant growth and reduced R. solanacearum induced wilt. Furthermore, the combined impact of biochar and T. harzianum was greater in terms of wilt suppression and increase in plant physiological measurements when the biochar concentration was 6%. Biochar and bio-control agents triggered biochemical alterations, thus enhancing the management of disease-infested soils.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The 6% biochar plus biocontrol treatment reduced disease index by 90%.
- Treatment
- 6% LWB+ BCA amended treatmentse0
- Outcome
- percentage disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The percentage disease index was considerably reduced (90%) in plants grown in the 6% LWB+ BCA amended treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and biocontrol treated plants had higher phenolics, flavonoids and peroxidase than controls.
- Treatment
- LWB and inoculated with BCAe0
- Outcome
- phenolics, flavonoids and peroxidase contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-amended controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“plants grown in LWB and inoculated with BCA had higher phenolics, flavonoids and peroxidase contents compared to the non-amended control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 6% combined treatment increased nitrogen by 92.74%.
- Taxon
- eggplants
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- 6% LWB + BCA compositione0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 92.74% Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of NPK was significantly increased (92.74% N, 76.47% P, 53.73% K) in the eggplants cultivated in the 6% LWB + BCA composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 6% combined treatment increased phosphorus by 76.47%.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 6% LWB + BCA compositione0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 76.47% Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of NPK was significantly increased (92.74% N, 76.47% P, 53.73% K) in the eggplants cultivated in the 6% LWB + BCA composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 6% combined treatment increased potassium by 53.73%.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 6% LWB + BCA compositione0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53.73% Ke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of NPK was significantly increased (92.74% N, 76.47% P, 53.73% K) in the eggplants cultivated in the 6% LWB + BCA composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining biochar with Trichoderma improved plant growth.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the association of T. harzianum with biochar improved plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining biochar with Trichoderma reduced wilt.
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- R. solanacearum induced wilte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar improved plant growth and reduced R. solanacearum induced wilt”
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8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.