Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen to achieve optimal growth and yield. This study, conducted in Nawalparasi West from February to June 2023, aimed to assess the effects of nitrogen management through a foliar spray of nano urea, compared to need-based nitrogen management using the Leaf Color Chart (LCC) and the Recommended Dose of urea Fertilizer (RDF) application. The experiment followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, incorporating four nitrogen management levels (Control, RDF through urea fertilizer (120 kg/ha), 25% of RDF through basal urea (30 kg/ha) + nano urea, and 25% of RDF through basal urea (30 kg/ha) + (LCC) and two rice varieties (Chaite-5 and Hardinath-1). The results indicated that the LCC-based treatment produced the highest grain yield at 5.18 mt/ha, statistically similar to the yield of the nano urea-based treatment (5.04 mt/ha). The enhanced yields were attributed to more effective tillers per m² (260.17 tillers/m² and 253.17 tillers/m², respectively), longer panicle length (28.12 cm and 25.99 cm), more filled grains per panicle (210.03 and 215.73), and lower sterility percentage (24.93% and 26.95%). Despite comparable yields, nano urea application proved to be more cost-effective [97,926.10 Nepalese Rupees (NRs)] with a higher benefit-cost ratio (1.78) and greater ease of application for farmers compared to the LCC. Varietal responses varied, with Hardinath-1 exhibiting the highest yield with LCC-based nitrogen application (5.37 mt/ha), and Chaite-5 demonstrating the highest yield (4.778 mt/ha); with nano urea-based nitrogen application (5.31 mt/ha). Chaite-5 displayed a greater effective number of tillers per m² (241.42 tillers/m²) and filled grains per panicle (224.56). Consequently, it is suggested that nano urea-based nitrogen application, particularly in conjunction with a variety of Chaite-5, holds the potential for improved productivity.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The LCC-based nitrogen treatment gave the highest grain yield, 5.18 mt/ha, in Nawalparasi West.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- LCC-based treatmente2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 5.18 mt/hae2
- Setting
- Nawalparasi Weste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e1“This study, conducted in Nawalparasi West from February to June 2023”
e2“The results indicated that the LCC-based treatment produced the highest grain yield at 5.18 mt/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The nano urea-based treatment yield (5.04 mt/ha) was statistically similar to the LCC-based treatment.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nano urea-based treatmente3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- statistically similare3
- Value
- 5.04 mt/hae3
- Comparator
- LCC-based treatmente3
- Setting
- Nawalparasi Weste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e1“This study, conducted in Nawalparasi West from February to June 2023”
e3“the LCC-based treatment produced the highest grain yield at 5.18 mt/ha, statistically similar to the yield of the nano urea-based treatment (5.04 mt/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano urea application was more cost-effective than the LCC-based treatment, at a cost of 97,926.10 Nepalese Rupees.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nano urea applicatione4
- Outcome
- cost-effectivee4
- Direction
- moree4
- Value
- 97,926.10 Nepalese Rupees (NRs)e4
- Comparator
- LCCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e4“nano urea application proved to be more cost-effective [97,926.10 Nepalese Rupees (NRs)] with a higher benefit-cost ratio (1.78) and greater ease of application for farmers compared to the LCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano urea application had a higher benefit-cost ratio (1.78) than the LCC-based treatment.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nano urea applicatione4
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 1.78e4
- Comparator
- LCCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e4“nano urea application proved to be more cost-effective [97,926.10 Nepalese Rupees (NRs)] with a higher benefit-cost ratio (1.78) and greater ease of application for farmers compared to the LCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano urea application gave greater ease of application for farmers than the LCC-based treatment.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nano urea applicatione4
- Outcome
- ease of application for farmerse4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Comparator
- LCCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e4“nano urea application proved to be more cost-effective [97,926.10 Nepalese Rupees (NRs)] with a higher benefit-cost ratio (1.78) and greater ease of application for farmers compared to the LCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective tillers per m² were 260.17 and 253.17 tillers/m², respectively, in the nitrogen treatments the authors credit for the enhanced yields.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- effective tillers per m²e5
- Direction
- moree5
- Value
- 260.17 tillers/m² and 253.17 tillers/m²e5
- Qualifier
- respectivelye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e5“The enhanced yields were attributed to more effective tillers per m² (260.17 tillers/m² and 253.17 tillers/m², respectively), longer panicle length (28.12 cm and 25.99 cm), more filled grains per panicle (210.03 and 215.73), and lower sterility percentage (24.93% and 26.95%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle length was 28.12 cm and 25.99 cm in the two treatments named, respectively.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- panicle lengthe5
- Direction
- longere5
- Value
- 28.12 cm and 25.99 cme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e5“The enhanced yields were attributed to more effective tillers per m² (260.17 tillers/m² and 253.17 tillers/m², respectively), longer panicle length (28.12 cm and 25.99 cm), more filled grains per panicle (210.03 and 215.73), and lower sterility percentage (24.93% and 26.95%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Filled grains per panicle were 210.03 and 215.73 in the two treatments named, respectively.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- filled grains per paniclee5
- Direction
- moree5
- Value
- 210.03 and 215.73e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e5“The enhanced yields were attributed to more effective tillers per m² (260.17 tillers/m² and 253.17 tillers/m², respectively), longer panicle length (28.12 cm and 25.99 cm), more filled grains per panicle (210.03 and 215.73), and lower sterility percentage (24.93% and 26.95%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sterility percentage was 24.93% and 26.95% in the two treatments named, respectively.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- sterility percentagee5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 24.93% and 26.95%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e5“The enhanced yields were attributed to more effective tillers per m² (260.17 tillers/m² and 253.17 tillers/m², respectively), longer panicle length (28.12 cm and 25.99 cm), more filled grains per panicle (210.03 and 215.73), and lower sterility percentage (24.93% and 26.95%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardinath-1 gave the highest yield (5.37 mt/ha) with LCC-based nitrogen application.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Hardinath-1e6
- Treatment
- LCC-based nitrogen applicatione6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 5.37 mt/hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e6“Hardinath-1 exhibiting the highest yield with LCC-based nitrogen application (5.37 mt/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chaite-5 gave the highest yield, 4.778 mt/ha.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Chaite-5e7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 4.778 mt/hae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e7“Chaite-5 demonstrating the highest yield (4.778 mt/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield with nano urea-based nitrogen application was 5.31 mt/ha; the variety is not stated in the abstract.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nano urea-based nitrogen applicatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 5.31 mt/hae1
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e1“Chaite-5 demonstrating the highest yield (4.778 mt/ha); with nano urea-based nitrogen application (5.31 mt/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chaite-5 had a greater effective number of tillers per m², 241.42 tillers/m².
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Chaite-5e1
- Outcome
- effective number of tillers per m²e1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 241.42 tillers/m²e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e1“Chaite-5 displayed a greater effective number of tillers per m² (241.42 tillers/m²) and filled grains per panicle (224.56)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chaite-5 had a greater number of filled grains per panicle, 224.56.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Chaite-5e1
- Outcome
- filled grains per paniclee1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 224.56e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e1“Chaite-5 displayed a greater effective number of tillers per m² (241.42 tillers/m²) and filled grains per panicle (224.56)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest nano urea-based nitrogen application, especially with Chaite-5, for improved productivity.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Chaite-5e1
- Treatment
- nano urea-based nitrogen applicatione1
- Outcome
- improved productivitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen”
e1“it is suggested that nano urea-based nitrogen application, particularly in conjunction with a variety of Chaite-5, holds the potential for improved productivity”
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