Abstract
In the modern cosmetics industry, there exists a major trend for replacement of synthetic chemicals with plant-based ingredients in skincare formulation. This research aimed to assess the efficiency of different methods to extract bioactive compounds (as measured by total phenolic content; TPC and total flavonoid content; TFC) responsible for three important cosmeceutical properties (antioxidation, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-elastase) from selected rice grains. The grains of two varieties of purplish-black rice (Neaw Leum Pua; NLP) and black rice (Hom Nil; HN) were extracted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then supplementary treated with sonication, heating, and proteolytic enzyme digestion or fermented with Aspergillus niger. The results showed that sonication slightly enhanced TPC and TFC, but significantly increased antioxidant capacity and anti-tyrosinase activity. The high temperature of 60℃ and 100℃ significantly increased antioxidant capacity based on FRAP assay but reduced that based on DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-tyrosinase activity was enhanced by high temperature but that of anti-elastase was inhibited. The addition of papain to the seed extracts slightly enhanced anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activity. Notably, fermented rice grains exhibited much greater yields of TPC and TFC, and higher biochemical activities than other methods. The fermented rice exhibited the highest TFC after 3 days; the highest TPC, antioxidant capacity, and tyrosinase inhibition after 6 days; and the highest elastase inhibition activity after 9 days. Therefore, fermentation was the most promising technique to enhance all three desirable properties for cosmetic ingredients when pigmented rice was used as the raw material.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sonication slightly enhanced total phenolic and total flavonoid content of pigmented rice extracts.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- sonicatione0
- Outcome
- TPC and TFCe0
- Direction
- slightly enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“sonication slightly enhanced TPC and TFC”
Claim · model-written summary
Sonication significantly increased antioxidant capacity and anti-tyrosinase activity of pigmented rice extracts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sonicatione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity and anti-tyrosinase activitye1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“sonication slightly enhanced TPC and TFC”
e1“significantly increased antioxidant capacity and anti-tyrosinase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating at 60℃ and 100℃ significantly increased antioxidant capacity measured by the FRAP assay.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperature of 60℃ and 100℃e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity based on FRAP assaye0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“The high temperature of 60℃ and 100℃ significantly increased antioxidant capacity based on FRAP assay but reduced that based on DPPH radical scavenging assay”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating at 60℃ and 100℃ reduced antioxidant capacity measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperature of 60℃ and 100℃e0
- Outcome
- based on DPPH radical scavenging assaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“The high temperature of 60℃ and 100℃ significantly increased antioxidant capacity based on FRAP assay but reduced that based on DPPH radical scavenging assay”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature enhanced anti-tyrosinase activity of pigmented rice extracts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Anti-tyrosinase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“Anti-tyrosinase activity was enhanced by high temperature but that of anti-elastase was inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature inhibited anti-elastase activity of pigmented rice extracts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- anti-elastasee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“Anti-tyrosinase activity was enhanced by high temperature but that of anti-elastase was inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Papain addition slightly enhanced anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activity of rice seed extracts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of papain to the seed extractse0
- Outcome
- anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activitye0
- Direction
- slightly enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“The addition of papain to the seed extracts slightly enhanced anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented rice grains gave much greater yields of TPC and TFC than other methods.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fermented rice grainse0
- Outcome
- yields of TPC and TFCe0
- Direction
- much greatere0
- Comparator
- other methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“fermented rice grains exhibited much greater yields of TPC and TFC, and higher biochemical activities than other methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented rice grains showed higher biochemical activities than other methods.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fermented rice grainse0
- Outcome
- biochemical activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“fermented rice grains exhibited much greater yields of TPC and TFC, and higher biochemical activities than other methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented rice had the highest TFC after 3 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fermented ricee1
- Outcome
- TFCe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- after 3 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e1“The fermented rice exhibited the highest TFC after 3 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented rice had the highest TPC, antioxidant capacity and tyrosinase inhibition after 6 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- TPC, antioxidant capacity, and tyrosinase inhibitione1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- after 6 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e1“the highest TPC, antioxidant capacity, and tyrosinase inhibition after 6 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented rice had the highest elastase inhibition activity after 9 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- elastase inhibition activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- after 9 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e1“the highest elastase inhibition activity after 9 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation is the most promising technique to enhance all three desirable cosmetic properties when pigmented rice is the raw material.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- enhance all three desirable properties for cosmetic ingredientse0
- Qualifier
- when pigmented rice was used as the raw materiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pigmented Rice Extracts”
e0“fermentation was the most promising technique to enhance all three desirable properties for cosmetic ingredients when pigmented rice was used as the raw material”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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See all 114 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.