Abstract
Abstract Fertilization with nickel (Ni) can positively affect plant development due to the role of this micronutrient in nitrogen (N) metabolism, namely, through urease and NiFe-hydrogenase. Although the application of Ni is an emerging practice in modern agriculture, its effectiveness strongly depends on the chosen application method, making further research in this area essential. The individual and combined effects of different Ni application methods—seed treatment, leaf spraying and/or soil fertilization—were investigated in soybean plants under different edaphoclimatic conditions (field and greenhouse). Beneficial effects of the Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatments were observed, with gains of 7 to 20% in biological nitrogen fixation, 1.5-fold in ureides, 14% in shoot dry weight and yield increases of up to 1161 kg ha −1 . All the Ni application methods resulted in a 1.1-fold increase in the SPAD index, a 1.2-fold increase in photosynthesis, a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogenase, and a 3.9-fold increase in urease activity. Edaphoclimatic conditions exerted a significant influence on the treatments. The integrated approaches, namely, leaf application in conjunction with soil or seed fertilization, were more effective for enhancing yield in soybean cultivation systems. The determination of the ideal method is crucial for ensuring optimal absorption and utilization of this micronutrient and thus a feasible and sustainable management technology. Further research is warranted to establish official guidelines for the application of Ni in agricultural practices.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf nickel treatments increased biological nitrogen fixation by 7 to 20%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatmentse0
- Outcome
- biological nitrogen fixatione0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Value
- 7 to 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beneficial effects of the Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatments were observed, with gains of 7 to 20% in biological nitrogen fixation, 1.5-fold in ureides, 14% in shoot dry weight and yield increases of up to 1161 kg ha −1 .”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf nickel treatments increased ureides by 1.5-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ureidese0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Value
- 1.5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beneficial effects of the Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatments were observed, with gains of 7 to 20% in biological nitrogen fixation, 1.5-fold in ureides, 14% in shoot dry weight and yield increases of up to 1161 kg ha −1 .”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf nickel treatments increased shoot dry weight by 14%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beneficial effects of the Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatments were observed, with gains of 7 to 20% in biological nitrogen fixation, 1.5-fold in ureides, 14% in shoot dry weight and yield increases of up to 1161 kg ha −1 .”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf nickel treatments increased yield by up to 1161 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- up to 1161 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beneficial effects of the Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatments were observed, with gains of 7 to 20% in biological nitrogen fixation, 1.5-fold in ureides, 14% in shoot dry weight and yield increases of up to 1161 kg ha −1 .”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All nickel application methods increased SPAD index by 1.1-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ni application methodse0
- Outcome
- SPAD indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.1-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the Ni application methods resulted in a 1.1-fold increase in the SPAD index, a 1.2-fold increase in photosynthesis, a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogenase, and a 3.9-fold increase in urease activity.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All nickel application methods increased photosynthesis by 1.2-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ni application methodse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.2-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the Ni application methods resulted in a 1.1-fold increase in the SPAD index, a 1.2-fold increase in photosynthesis, a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogenase, and a 3.9-fold increase in urease activity.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All nickel application methods increased nitrogenase by 1.4-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ni application methodse0
- Outcome
- nitrogenasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.4-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the Ni application methods resulted in a 1.1-fold increase in the SPAD index, a 1.2-fold increase in photosynthesis, a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogenase, and a 3.9-fold increase in urease activity.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All nickel application methods increased urease activity by 3.9-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ni application methodse0
- Outcome
- urease activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3.9-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the Ni application methods resulted in a 1.1-fold increase in the SPAD index, a 1.2-fold increase in photosynthesis, a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogenase, and a 3.9-fold increase in urease activity.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Edaphoclimatic conditions significantly affected treatment responses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- treatmentse0
- Setting
- Edaphoclimatic conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Edaphoclimatic conditions exerted a significant influence on the treatments.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined leaf and soil or seed application was more effective for yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- leaf application in conjunction with soil or seed fertilizatione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated approaches, namely, leaf application in conjunction with soil or seed fertilization, were more effective for enhancing yield in soybean cultivation systems.”
t0“soybean”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.