Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) cause biotoxicity and pose a potential ecological threat; however, their effects on plant metabolism and eco-corona evolution between NPs and organisms remain unclear. This study clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and metabolic responses induced by three different ZnO NPs with different sizes and hydrophobicity in sprouts ( Vigna radiata ) and explored the critical regulation of eco-corona formation in root–nano systems. Results indicated that smaller-sized ZnO inhibited root elongation by up to 37.14% and triggered oxidative burst and apoptosis. Metabolomics confirmed that physiological maintenance after n-ZnO exposure was mainly attributed to the effective stabilization of nitrogen fixation and defense systems by biotransformation of the flavonoid pathway. Larger-sized or hydrophobic group-modified ZnO exhibited low toxicity in sprouts, with 0.89-fold upregulation of citrate in central carbon metabolism. This contributed to providing energy for resistance to NP stress through amino acid and carbon/nitrogen metabolism, accompanied by changes in membrane properties. Notably, smaller-sized and hydrophobic NPs intensely stimulated the release of root metabolites, forming corona complexes with exudates. The hydrogen-bonded wrapping mechanism in protein secondary structure and hydrophobic interactions of heterogeneous functional groups drove eco-corona formation, along with the corona evolution intensity of n-ZnO > s-ZnO > b-ZnO based on higher (α-helix + 3-turn helix)/β-sheet ratios. This study provides crucial insight into metabolic and eco-corona evolution in bionano fates.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller-sized ZnO inhibited root elongation of sprouts by up to 37.14%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- smaller-sized ZnOe1
- Outcome
- root elongatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 37.14%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e1“smaller-sized ZnO inhibited root elongation by up to 37.14% and triggered oxidative burst and apoptosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller-sized ZnO triggered oxidative burst and apoptosis in Vigna radiata sprouts.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- smaller-sized ZnOe1
- Outcome
- oxidative burst and apoptosise1
- Direction
- triggerede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e1“smaller-sized ZnO inhibited root elongation by up to 37.14% and triggered oxidative burst and apoptosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological maintenance after n-ZnO exposure was mainly attributed to stabilization of nitrogen fixation and defence systems through the flavonoid pathway.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- n-ZnO exposuree2
- Outcome
- physiological maintenancee2
- Qualifier
- the effective stabilization of nitrogen fixation and defense systems by biotransformation of the flavonoid pathwaye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e2“physiological maintenance after n-ZnO exposure was mainly attributed to the effective stabilization of nitrogen fixation and defense systems by biotransformation of the flavonoid pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger-sized or hydrophobic group-modified ZnO showed low toxicity in sprouts.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Larger-sized or hydrophobic group-modified ZnOe3
- Outcome
- toxicitye3
- Direction
- lowe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e3“Larger-sized or hydrophobic group-modified ZnO exhibited low toxicity in sprouts, with 0.89-fold upregulation of citrate in central carbon metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger-sized or hydrophobic group-modified ZnO upregulated citrate by 0.89-fold in central carbon metabolism.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Larger-sized or hydrophobic group-modified ZnOe3
- Outcome
- citratee3
- Direction
- upregulatione3
- Value
- 0.89-folde3
- Qualifier
- central carbon metabolisme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e3“Larger-sized or hydrophobic group-modified ZnO exhibited low toxicity in sprouts, with 0.89-fold upregulation of citrate in central carbon metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic changes contributed energy for resistance to NP stress in sprouts.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- resistance to NP stresse4
- Qualifier
- through amino acid and carbon/nitrogen metabolisme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e4“This contributed to providing energy for resistance to NP stress through amino acid and carbon/nitrogen metabolism, accompanied by changes in membrane properties”
Claim · model-written summary
NP exposure changed membrane properties in sprouts.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- changes in membrane propertiese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e4“This contributed to providing energy for resistance to NP stress through amino acid and carbon/nitrogen metabolism, accompanied by changes in membrane properties”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller-sized and hydrophobic NPs stimulated the release of root metabolites.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- roote5
- Treatment
- smaller-sized and hydrophobic NPse5
- Outcome
- release of root metabolitese5
- Direction
- stimulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e5“smaller-sized and hydrophobic NPs intensely stimulated the release of root metabolites, forming corona complexes with exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller-sized and hydrophobic NPs formed corona complexes with root exudates.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- corona complexes with exudatese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e5“smaller-sized and hydrophobic NPs intensely stimulated the release of root metabolites, forming corona complexes with exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
A hydrogen-bonded wrapping mechanism and hydrophobic interactions drove eco-corona formation.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- eco-corona formatione6
- Qualifier
- hydrogen-bonded wrapping mechanism in protein secondary structure and hydrophobic interactionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e6“The hydrogen-bonded wrapping mechanism in protein secondary structure and hydrophobic interactions of heterogeneous functional groups drove eco-corona formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Corona evolution intensity ranked n-ZnO > s-ZnO > b-ZnO, based on (α-helix + 3-turn helix)/β-sheet ratios.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- n-ZnOe7
- Outcome
- corona evolution intensitye7
- Direction
- n-ZnO > s-ZnO > b-ZnOe7
- Qualifier
- based on higher (α-helix + 3-turn helix)/β-sheet ratiose7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprouts (Vigna radiata)”
e7“the corona evolution intensity of n-ZnO > s-ZnO > b-ZnO based on higher (α-helix + 3-turn helix)/β-sheet ratios”
The same questions in other papers
zinc oxide · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ
10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →zinc oxide · molecular: metabolites · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.