Abstract
To address residual plastic film in fields in which mulched drip irrigation technology is applied, a sprayable degradable film (consisting of 1–5% clay, 5–20% humic acid, 0.5–5% crosslinker, and 0.5–5% auxiliary and water) can be used as a superior alternative to the plastic film applied in drip-irrigated fields. A field experiment was conducted in Xinjiang, Northwest China, to test the impacts of five different mulching treatments (SF1, sprayable degradable film applied at 1900 kg ha−1; SF2, sprayable degradable film applied at 1900 kg ha−1; SF3, sprayable degradable film applied at 2500 kg ha−1; PF, plastic film; and NF, no film mulching) on cotton growth and development, yield, and water use efficiency. The results showed that, compared to the NF treatment, sprayable degradable film mulching (SF1, SF2, and SF3) positively impacted the soil hydrothermal environment, promoted root growth, significantly increased plant height and leaf area, and enhanced physiological characteristics, which, in turn, increased yield and water use efficiency by 11.79–15.00% and 21.88–30.21%, respectively. The maximum yield and water use efficiency were observed in the PF treatment, amounting to 5345 kg ha−1 and 1.28 kg m−3, respectively, and they had no significant differences from those in the SF3 treatment. In general, applying moderate amounts of sprayable degradable film at a rate of 2500 kg ha−1 represents an effective agronomic strategy for managing residual film contamination while maintaining stable cotton yields.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable degradable film mulching positively affected the soil hydrothermal environment compared with no film.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- sprayable degradable film mulchinge1
- Outcome
- soil hydrothermal environmente1
- Direction
- positively impactede1
- Comparator
- NF treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“compared to the NF treatment, sprayable degradable film mulching (SF1, SF2, and SF3) positively impacted the soil hydrothermal environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable degradable film mulching promoted root growth compared with no film.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- sprayable degradable film mulchinge2
- Outcome
- root growthe2
- Direction
- promotede2
- Comparator
- NF treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e2“compared to the NF treatment, sprayable degradable film mulching (SF1, SF2, and SF3) positively impacted the soil hydrothermal environment, promoted root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable degradable film mulching significantly increased plant height and leaf area compared with no film.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- sprayable degradable film mulchinge3
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf areae3
- Direction
- significantly increasede3
- Comparator
- NF treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e3“compared to the NF treatment, sprayable degradable film mulching (SF1, SF2, and SF3) positively impacted the soil hydrothermal environment, promoted root growth, significantly increased plant height and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable degradable film mulching enhanced physiological characteristics of cotton compared with no film.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- sprayable degradable film mulchinge4
- Outcome
- physiological characteristicse4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- NF treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e4“compared to the NF treatment, sprayable degradable film mulching (SF1, SF2, and SF3) positively impacted the soil hydrothermal environment, promoted root growth, significantly increased plant height and leaf area, and enhanced physiological characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable degradable film mulching increased cotton yield by 11.79–15.00% compared with no film.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- sprayable degradable film mulchinge5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 11.79–15.00%e5
- Comparator
- NF treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e5“compared to the NF treatment, sprayable degradable film mulching (SF1, SF2, and SF3) positively impacted the soil hydrothermal environment, promoted root growth, significantly increased plant height and leaf area, and enhanced physiological characteristics, which, in turn, increased yield and water use efficiency by 11.79–15.00%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable degradable film mulching increased water use efficiency by 21.88–30.21% compared with no film.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- sprayable degradable film mulchinge6
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 21.88–30.21%e6
- Comparator
- NF treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e6“compared to the NF treatment, sprayable degradable film mulching (SF1, SF2, and SF3) positively impacted the soil hydrothermal environment, promoted root growth, significantly increased plant height and leaf area, and enhanced physiological characteristics, which, in turn, increased yield and water use efficiency by 11.79–15.00% and 21.88–30.21%”
Claim · model-written summary
The plastic film (PF) treatment gave the maximum cotton yield, 5345 kg ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e7“The maximum yield and water use efficiency were observed in the PF treatment, amounting to 5345 kg ha−1 and 1.28 kg m−3, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The plastic film (PF) treatment gave the maximum water use efficiency, 1.28 kg m−3.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- PFe7
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 1.28 kg m−3e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e7“The maximum yield and water use efficiency were observed in the PF treatment, amounting to 5345 kg ha−1 and 1.28 kg m−3, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and water use efficiency under the PF treatment did not differ significantly from the SF3 treatment.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- PFe1
- Outcome
- yield and water use efficiencye1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
- Comparator
- SF3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“The maximum yield and water use efficiency were observed in the PF treatment, amounting to 5345 kg ha−1 and 1.28 kg m−3, respectively, and they had no significant differences from those in the SF3 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying moderate amounts of sprayable degradable film is an effective agronomic strategy for managing residual film contamination while maintaining stable cotton yields.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- effective agronomic strategye1
- Qualifier
- residual film contaminatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“represents an effective agronomic strategy for managing residual film contamination while maintaining stable cotton yields”
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