Abstract
Yield potential of maize having distinct genetic diversity in Eastern Himalayan Region (EHR) hill ecologies is often limited by Al toxicity caused due to soil acidity. Stress physiological analysis of local check exposed to 0-300 μM Al under sand culture revealed that 150 μM Al as critical and 200 μM Al as tolerable limit. Increase in Al from 0 to 300 μM reduced total chlorophyll, carotenoids by 74.8 % and 44.7 % respectively and enhanced anthocyanin by 35.3 % whereas LA, SLW and SL have reduced by 81.3%, 21.3 % and 47.8 % respectively. R/S ratio was 51.0 and 13.7 % higher at lower Al levels (50 μM and 100 μM) and photosynthetic, transpiration rate and TDM were 62.5 %, 42.9 % and 78.6 % lower at higher Al (300 μM) as compared to control. TRL, RSA, RDW and RV at higher Al (300 μM) were 92.6 %, 98.7 %, 78.7 and 97.5 % lower over control respectively. Root and shoot Al and PUpE at higher Al (300 μM) was 194.0, 69.2 and 830 % higher whereas PUE decreased to 88.5 % over control. Evaluation of 31 indigenous maize cultivars at 0, 150, and 250 μM Al in sand culture, alongside tolerance scoring and assessment, revealed that Megha-9, Megha-10, and MZM-19 exhibits high Al tolerance, Megha-1, MZM-22, and MZM-42 demonstrated moderate tolerance, whereas Uruapara, Sublgarh, and BRL Para were identified as Al-sensitive. Stress physiological parameters like SDW, TDM, TRL, SL and LA contributed 46.02 % of variability to PC1, whereas A, RV, RSA, anthocyanin and Chlorophyll_b, contributed 13.56 % of variability to PC2. Highest values of CMS, SL, LP, LA, TRL and anthocyanin were recorded in cluster I having sensitive cultivars while highest CMS, SL, LA, LP, TRL and RSA were found in cluster II having moderately tolerant cultivars and highest mean values for TRL, RSA, LP, LA, CMS and SL were recorded in cluster III having highly Al stress tolerant cultivars. The traits viz., A, RV, RSA, anthocyanin and Chlorophyll_b, total chlorophyll and TDM were emanated as physio-morphological for assessing Al toxicity stress tolerance in Maize with high divergence values. Tolerant cultivars showing 63.4 % and 22.4 % higher anthocyanin at 150 μM Al and 250 μM Al than moderately tolerant one in acid soil experiment with increased root Al, shoot Al, root P and shoot P by 42.6 %, 11 %, 95.1 % and 34 % respectively were emerged as promising for novel maize improvement under acid soils of EHR.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The local check had a critical aluminium level of 150 μM.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“150 μM Al as critical and 200 μM Al as tolerable limit.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The local check had a tolerable aluminium limit of 200 μM.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“150 μM Al as critical and 200 μM Al as tolerable limit.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium exposure reduced total chlorophyll by 74.8 %.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in Al from 0 to 300 μM reduced total chlorophyll, carotenoids by 74.8 % and 44.7 % respectively”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium exposure reduced carotenoids by 44.7 %.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in Al from 0 to 300 μM reduced total chlorophyll, carotenoids by 74.8 % and 44.7 % respectively”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium exposure enhanced anthocyanin by 35.3 %.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced anthocyanin by 35.3 %”
e1“150 μM Al as critical and 200 μM Al as tolerable limit.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area declined by 81.3% under aluminium exposure.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LA, SLW and SL have reduced by 81.3%, 21.3 % and 47.8 % respectively.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SLW declined by 21.3 % under aluminium exposure.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LA, SLW and SL have reduced by 81.3%, 21.3 % and 47.8 % respectively.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SL declined by 47.8 % under aluminium exposure.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LA, SLW and SL have reduced by 81.3%, 21.3 % and 47.8 % respectively.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 μM aluminium, R/S ratio was 51.0 % higher.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R/S ratio was 51.0 and 13.7 % higher at lower Al levels (50 μM and 100 μM)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 μM aluminium, R/S ratio was 13.7 % higher.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R/S ratio was 51.0 and 13.7 % higher at lower Al levels (50 μM and 100 μM)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate was 62.5 % lower at 300 μM aluminium than control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic, transpiration rate and TDM were 62.5 %, 42.9 % and 78.6 % lower at higher Al (300 μM) as compared to control.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration rate was 42.9 % lower at 300 μM aluminium than control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic, transpiration rate and TDM were 62.5 %, 42.9 % and 78.6 % lower at higher Al (300 μM) as compared to control.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TDM was 78.6 % lower at 300 μM aluminium than control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic, transpiration rate and TDM were 62.5 %, 42.9 % and 78.6 % lower at higher Al (300 μM) as compared to control.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TRL, RSA, RDW and RV at 300 μM aluminium were lower than control by 92.6 %, 98.7 %, 78.7 and 97.5 %, respectively.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TRL, RSA, RDW and RV at higher Al (300 μM) were 92.6 %, 98.7 %, 78.7 and 97.5 % lower over control respectively.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot Al and PUpE increased at 300 μM aluminium.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root and shoot Al and PUpE at higher Al (300 μM) was 194.0, 69.2 and 830 % higher”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PUE decreased to 88.5 % of control.
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PUE decreased to 88.5 % over control.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Megha-9, Megha-10 and MZM-19 showed high aluminium tolerance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Megha-9, Megha-10, and MZM-19 exhibits high Al tolerance”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Megha-1, MZM-22 and MZM-42 showed moderate aluminium tolerance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Megha-1, MZM-22, and MZM-42 demonstrated moderate tolerance”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uruapara, Sublgarh and BRL Para were aluminium sensitive.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uruapara, Sublgarh, and BRL Para were identified as Al-sensitive.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium tolerant cultivars showed higher anthocyanin than moderately tolerant cultivars at 150 and 250 μM aluminium.
- Material
- Tolerant cultivarse0
- Outcome
- anthocyanine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 63.4 %e0
- Comparator
- moderately tolerant onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tolerant cultivars showing 63.4 % and 22.4 % higher anthocyanin at 150 μM Al and 250 μM Al than moderately tolerant one”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
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