Abstract
Abstract Drought stress poses a significant threat to fertile soils worldwide, triggering profound physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants that adversely impact agricultural productivity. This study explores the potential of nanotechnology, specifically Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles (CaO NPs) and Graphene Oxide (GO), to ameliorate the negative effects of drought stress on two distinct alfalfa ecotypes. Seeds from Erzurum and Konya regions were regenerated in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and ensuing callus formation was induced through 1 mg L −1 2,4-D and 1 mg L −1 kinetin MS medium. The callus samples underwent a one-month treatment with varying concentrations of mannitol (50 and 100 mM), CaO NPs, and GO (0.5 and 1.5 ppm). Results revealed a decrease in dry/wet weight with increasing mannitol concentration, contrasting with an increase in weight under CaO NPs and GO treatment. Proline, DNSA, MDA, and H 2 O 2 exhibited proportional increases under drought stress, while CaO NPs and GO treatments mitigated these effects. Physiological and biochemical analyses identified optimal conditions for Erzurum as 50 mM mannitol/2 CaO NPs/0.5 ppm GO, and for Konya as 50 mM mannitol/0.5 ppm GO. Gene expression analysis indicated up-regulation of mtr-miR159 and mtr-miR393 with heightened drought stress, with down-regulation observed in CaO NPs and GO treatments. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) confirmed Ca 2+ accumulation in alfalfa tissues. In conclusion, CaO NPs and GO treatments exhibited a significant reduction in the adverse effects of drought stress on alfalfa callus under tissue culture conditions. This research sheds light on the potential of nanotechnological interventions to alleviate the impact of environmental stressors on crop plants, opening avenues for sustainable agriculture in the face of changing climatic conditions. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and scalability of these findings for field applications.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Higher mannitol concentrations decreased callus dry and wet weight.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Organ / stage
- callust1
- Treatment
- mannitole0
- Outcome
- dry/wet weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed a decrease in dry/wet weight with increasing mannitol concentration”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO nanoparticles increased callus weight.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- CaO NPse0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in weight under CaO NPs and GO treatment”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Graphene oxide increased callus weight.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- GOe0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in weight under CaO NPs and GO treatment”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased proline, DNSA, MDA and H2O2.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Proline, DNSA, MDA, and H 2 O 2e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline, DNSA, MDA, and H 2 O 2 exhibited proportional increases under drought stress”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO nanoparticles mitigated drought-associated biochemical increases.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- CaO NPse0
- Outcome
- these effectse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaO NPs and GO treatments mitigated these effects”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Graphene oxide mitigated drought-associated biochemical increases.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- GOe0
- Outcome
- these effectse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaO NPs and GO treatments mitigated these effects”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Erzurum callus had an identified optimum at 50 mM mannitol/2 CaO NPs/0.5 ppm GO.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Erzurume0
- Treatment
- 50 mM mannitol/2 CaO NPs/0.5 ppm GOe0
- Outcome
- optimal conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal conditions for Erzurum as 50 mM mannitol/2 CaO NPs/0.5 ppm GO”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Konya callus had an identified optimum at 50 mM mannitol/0.5 ppm GO.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Konyae0
- Outcome
- 50 mM mannitol/0.5 ppm GOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for Konya as 50 mM mannitol/0.5 ppm GO”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
mtr-miR159 was upregulated with greater drought stress.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- mtr-miR159e0
- Outcome
- up-regulation of mtr-miR159e0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulation of mtr-miR159 and mtr-miR393 with heightened drought stress”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
mtr-miR393 was upregulated with greater drought stress.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- mtr-miR393e0
- Outcome
- mtr-miR393e0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulation of mtr-miR159 and mtr-miR393 with heightened drought stress”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO nanoparticles and graphene oxide downregulated the two miRNAs.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- CaO NPs and GO treatmentse0
- Outcome
- down-regulatione0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with down-regulation observed in CaO NPs and GO treatments”
t0“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
t1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Microscopy confirmed calcium accumulation in alfalfa tissue.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- tissuese0
- Outcome
- Ca 2+ accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) confirmed Ca 2+ accumulation in alfalfa tissues.”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO nanoparticle and graphene oxide treatments significantly reduced adverse drought effects on callus.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- CaO NPs and GO treatmentse0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of drought stresse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Setting
- tissue culture conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaO NPs and GO treatments exhibited a significant reduction in the adverse effects of drought stress on alfalfa callus under tissue culture conditions.”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.