Abstract
Ailanthus altissima, an invasive plant species, exhibits pharmacological properties, but also some allergic effects on humans. This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of A. altissima leaves, using a complex approach towards different organisms. The ecotoxic impact of a crude extract was investigated on seeds germination and brine shrimp lethality. Cytotoxicity was studied in vitro using non-target (haemolysis, liposomal model, fibroblast), and target (cancer cells) assays. Leaf extract at 1000 µg/mL significantly inhibited wheat and tomato germination, while no significant effects were found on parsley germination. A slight stimulatory effect on wheat and tomato germination was found at 125 µg/mL. In a brine shrimp-test, the extract showed a low toxicity at 24 h post-exposure (LC50 = 951.04 ± 28.26 μg/mL), the toxic effects increasing with the exposure time and extract concentration. Leaf extract caused low hematotoxicity. The extract was biocompatible with human gingival fibroblasts. No anti-proliferative effect was found within the concentration range of 10–500 µg/mL on malignant melanoma (MeWo) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). In a liposomal model-test, the extract proved to possess low capability to alter the eukaryotic cell-mimicking membranes within the tested concentration range. Given the low to moderate toxicity on tested organisms/cells, the A. altissima autumn leaves may find useful applications.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Ailanthus leaf extract at 1000 µg/mL significantly inhibited wheat germination.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Leaf extract at 1000 µg/mLe0
- Outcome
- wheat and tomato germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf extract at 1000 µg/mL significantly inhibited wheat and tomato germination, while no significant effects were found on parsley germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ailanthus leaf extract at 1000 µg/mL significantly inhibited tomato germination.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Leaf extract at 1000 µg/mLe0
- Outcome
- wheat and tomato germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf extract at 1000 µg/mL significantly inhibited wheat and tomato germination, while no significant effects were found on parsley germination”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1000 µg/mL, Ailanthus leaf extract had no statistically significant effect on parsley germination.
- Taxon
- parsley
Petroselinum crispume0 - Treatment
- Leaf extract at 1000 µg/mLe0
- Outcome
- parsley germinatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf extract at 1000 µg/mL significantly inhibited wheat and tomato germination, while no significant effects were found on parsley germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ailanthus leaf extract at 125 µg/mL slightly stimulated wheat germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 125 µg/mLe0
- Outcome
- wheat and tomato germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A slight stimulatory effect on wheat and tomato germination was found at 125 µg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Ailanthus leaf extract at 125 µg/mL slightly stimulated tomato germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 125 µg/mLe0
- Outcome
- wheat and tomato germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A slight stimulatory effect on wheat and tomato germination was found at 125 µg/mL”
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