Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in growth and differentiation by regulating numerous physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level. In addition to their roborative effect, their essential role in plant stress responses has been also reported. However, the positive effect may depend on the fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which influences the production of free radicals and/or signalling molecules. In the present study, 0.3 mM hydroponic putrescine treatment was tested in wheat, maize, and rice in order to reveal differences in their answers and highlight the relation of these with polyamine metabolism. In the case of wheat, the chlorophyll content and the actual quantum yield increased after putrescine treatment, and no remarkable changes were detected in the stress markers, polyamine contents, or polyamine metabolism-related gene expression. Although, in maize, the actual quantum yield decreased, and the root hydrogen peroxide content increased, no other negative effect was observed after putrescine treatment due to activation of polyamine oxidases at enzyme and gene expression levels. The results also demonstrated that after putrescine treatment, rice with a higher initial polyamine content, the balance of polyamine metabolism was disrupted and a significant amount of putrescine was accumulated, accompanied by a detrimental decrease in the level of higher polyamines. These initial differences and the putrescine-induced shift in polyamine metabolism together with the terminal catabolism or back-conversion-induced release of a substantial quantity of hydrogen peroxide could contribute to oxidative stress observed in rice.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat chlorophyll content and quantum yield increased after putrescine.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- putrescine treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and the actual quantum yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the case of wheat, the chlorophyll content and the actual quantum yield increased after putrescine treatment, and no remarkable changes were detected in the stress markers, polyamine contents, or polyamine metabolism-related gene expression.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat stress markers, polyamine contents and related expression showed no remarkable change.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- putrescine treatmente0
- Outcome
- stress markers, polyamine contents, or polyamine metabolism-related gene expressione0
- Direction
- no remarkable changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the case of wheat, the chlorophyll content and the actual quantum yield increased after putrescine treatment, and no remarkable changes were detected in the stress markers, polyamine contents, or polyamine metabolism-related gene expression.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize actual quantum yield decreased after putrescine.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although, in maize, the actual quantum yield decreased, and the root hydrogen peroxide content increased, no other negative effect was observed after putrescine treatment due to activation of polyamine oxidases at enzyme and gene expression levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize root hydrogen peroxide content increased after putrescine.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although, in maize, the actual quantum yield decreased, and the root hydrogen peroxide content increased, no other negative effect was observed after putrescine treatment due to activation of polyamine oxidases at enzyme and gene expression levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamine oxidases were activated in maize at enzyme and expression levels.
- Gene
- polyamine oxidasese0
- Outcome
- activation of polyamine oxidases at enzyme and gene expression levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although, in maize, the actual quantum yield decreased, and the root hydrogen peroxide content increased, no other negative effect was observed after putrescine treatment due to activation of polyamine oxidases at enzyme and gene expression levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice polyamine metabolism balance was disrupted after putrescine.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- putrescine treatmente0
- Outcome
- balance of polyamine metabolisme0
- Direction
- disruptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also demonstrated that after putrescine treatment, rice with a higher initial polyamine content, the balance of polyamine metabolism was disrupted and a significant amount of putrescine was accumulated, accompanied by a detrimental decrease in the level of higher polyamines.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice accumulated a significant amount of putrescine.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- putrescine treatmente0
- Outcome
- putrescine was accumulatede0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Qualifier
- a significant amounte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also demonstrated that after putrescine treatment, rice with a higher initial polyamine content, the balance of polyamine metabolism was disrupted and a significant amount of putrescine was accumulated, accompanied by a detrimental decrease in the level of higher polyamines.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher polyamine levels decreased in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- putrescine treatmente0
- Outcome
- level of higher polyaminese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also demonstrated that after putrescine treatment, rice with a higher initial polyamine content, the balance of polyamine metabolism was disrupted and a significant amount of putrescine was accumulated, accompanied by a detrimental decrease in the level of higher polyamines.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed that altered polyamine metabolism and hydrogen peroxide release could contribute to rice oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress observed in ricee0
- Qualifier
- putrescine-induced shift in polyamine metabolism together with the terminal catabolism or back-conversion-induced release of a substantial quantity of hydrogen peroxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These initial differences and the putrescine-induced shift in polyamine metabolism together with the terminal catabolism or back-conversion-induced release of a substantial quantity of hydrogen peroxide could contribute to oxidative stress observed in rice.”
The same questions in other papers
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putrescine · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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putrescine · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 6 papers →putrescine · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.