Abstract
The reproductive phase of plants is highly sensitive to ambient temperature stresses. To investigate sensitivity of female reproductive organs in grass crops during the pollination phase, we exposed the elongated stigma (silk) of maize to ambient environment at the silking stage. Moderate heat stress causes cell death of silk hair cells but did not affect early pollen tube growth inside the silk. Late pollen tube growth arrest was observed, leading to sterility. Heat stress causes elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in silks, whose levels can be reduced by scavengers partly restoring pollen tube growth and fertility. A number of biological processes including hydrogen peroxide catabolic processes and bHLH transcription factor genes are downregulated by heat stress, while some NAC transcription factor genes are strongly upregulated. In conclusion, this study now provides a basis to select genes for engineering heat-stress-tolerant grass crops during the pollination phase.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress caused silk hair cell death.
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate heat stress causes cell death of silk hair cells but did not affect early pollen tube growth inside the silk”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress did not affect early pollen tube growth.
- Treatment
- Moderate heat stresse0
- Outcome
- early pollen tube growth inside the silke0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate heat stress causes cell death of silk hair cells but did not affect early pollen tube growth inside the silk”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Late pollen tube growth arrested, leading to sterility.
- Outcome
- Late pollen tube growth arreste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late pollen tube growth arrest was observed, leading to sterility”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat increased ROS in silks.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress causes elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in silks”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Scavengers partly restored pollen tube growth and fertility.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels can be reduced by scavengers partly restoring pollen tube growth and fertility”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat downregulated hydrogen peroxide catabolism and bHLH genes.
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide catabolic processes and bHLH transcription factor genese0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen peroxide catabolic processes and bHLH transcription factor genes are downregulated by heat stress”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Some NAC genes were strongly upregulated.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some NAC transcription factor genes are strongly upregulated”
t0“maize”
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