Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to explore the role of potassium nutrition in improving biomass and physio-chemical alterations to reduce the adverse effects of salinity in mungbean. A sand-culture experiment was carried out under different salinity levels (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) with two levels of potassium (0 and 50 mM K2SO4) and two mungbean cultivars (NM-92 and Ramzan), and the alterations in mungbean biomass and metabolic activities were investigated. The results suggested that salinity significantly reduced the biomass, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA), total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents in both mungbean cultivars in comparison to the control. However, K2SO4 at 50 mM significantly improved all the parameters in both mungbean cultivars except for the sodium content. A significant increase in the total free amino acids, carotenoids, and sodium content in both mungbean cultivars was observed due to salt stress. Moreover, principal component analysis and heatmaps were developed individually for both mungbean cultivars to assess the variability and correlation among the studied attributes under all applied treatments. Under saline conditions, the mungbean ‘Ramzan’ showed more marked reductions in almost all the growth parameters as compared to ‘NM-92’. The results suggest that the application of K2SO4 ameliorates the adverse effects of salinity by regulating osmolyte production, NRA, and NiRA, thus promoting plant growth and productivity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced mungbean biomass.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Material
- both mungbean cultivarse0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced the biomass, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA), total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents in both mungbean cultivars in comparison to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced nitrate and nitrite reductase activities.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced the biomass, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA), total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents in both mungbean cultivars in comparison to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced soluble protein and chlorophyll contents.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced the biomass, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA), total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents in both mungbean cultivars in comparison to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced nitrogen, potassium and calcium contents.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, potassium, calciume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced the biomass, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA), total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents in both mungbean cultivars in comparison to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced magnesium and phosphorous contents.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- magnesium, and phosphorous contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced the biomass, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA), total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents in both mungbean cultivars in comparison to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium treatment significantly improved measured parameters other than sodium content.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- K2SO4 at 50 mMe0
- Outcome
- all the parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- except for the sodium contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, K2SO4 at 50 mM significantly improved all the parameters in both mungbean cultivars except for the sodium content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly increased free amino acids and carotenoids.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- total free amino acids, carotenoidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in the total free amino acids, carotenoids, and sodium content in both mungbean cultivars was observed due to salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly increased sodium content.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- sodium contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in the total free amino acids, carotenoids, and sodium content in both mungbean cultivars was observed due to salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ramzan showed larger growth parameter reductions under salinity than NM-92.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Ramzane0
- Treatment
- saline conditionse0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- more marked reductionse0
- Comparator
- NM-92e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under saline conditions, the mungbean ‘Ramzan’ showed more marked reductions in almost all the growth parameters as compared to ‘NM-92’.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute potassium salinity mitigation to osmolyte production and reductase regulation.
- Taxon
- MungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- application of K2SO4e0
- Outcome
- plant growth and productivitye0
- Qualifier
- regulating osmolyte production, NRA, and NiRAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggest that the application of K2SO4 ameliorates the adverse effects of salinity by regulating osmolyte production, NRA, and NiRA, thus promoting plant growth and productivity.”
t0“Potassium Nutrition Induced Salinity Mitigation in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] by Altering Biomass and Physio-Biochemical Processes”
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