Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major adverse factors affecting plant growth and crop production. Rapeseed is an important oil crop, providing high-quality edible oil for human consumption. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salt stress on the phenotypic traits and physiological processes of rapeseed. The soil salinity was manipulated by setting three different levels: 0 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S0), 1.5 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S1), and 3.0 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S2). In general, the results indicated that the plant height, leaf area, and root neck diameter decreased with an increase in soil salinity. In addition, the biomass of various organs at all growth stages decreased as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2. The increasing soil salinity improved the distribution of biomass in the root and leaf at the seedling and flowering stages, indicating that rapeseed plants subjected to salt stress during the vegetative stage are capable of adapting their growth pattern to sustain their capacity for nutrient and water uptake, as well as leaf photosynthesis. However, as the soil salinity increased, there was a decrease in the distribution of biomass in the pod and seed at the maturity stage, while an increase was observed in the root and stem, suggesting that salt stress inhibited carbohydrate transport into reproductive organs. Moreover, the C and N accumulation at the flowering and maturity stages exhibited a reduction in direct correlation with the increase in soil salinity. High soil salinity resulted in a reduction in the C/N, indicating that salt stress exerted a greater adverse effect on C assimilation compared to N assimilation, leading to an increase in seed protein content and a decrease in oil content. Furthermore, as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage, respectively. In summary, this study revealed that salt stress inhibited C and N assimilation, leading to a suppressed phenotype and biomass accumulation. The imbalanced C and N assimilation under salt stress contributed to the alterations in the seed oil and protein content. Rapeseed had a certain degree of salt tolerance by improving antioxidants and osmolytes.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, leaf area and root neck diameter of rapeseed decreased as soil salinity increased.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- soil salinitye1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, and root neck diametere1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“the plant height, leaf area, and root neck diameter decreased with an increase in soil salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of rapeseed organs at all growth stages decreased from S0 to S2 soil salinity.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“the biomass of various organs at all growth stages decreased as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil salinity improved the distribution of biomass in the root and leaf at the seedling and flowering stages.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Organ / stage
- seedling and flowering stagese1
- Treatment
- soil salinitye1
- Outcome
- distribution of biomass in the root and leafe1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“The increasing soil salinity improved the distribution of biomass in the root and leaf at the seedling and flowering stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Under increasing soil salinity, biomass distribution in the pod and seed decreased at maturity.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Organ / stage
- maturity stagee1
- Treatment
- soil salinitye1
- Outcome
- distribution of biomass in the pod and seede1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as the soil salinity increased, there was a decrease in the distribution of biomass in the pod and seed at the maturity stage, while an increase was observed in the root and stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Under increasing soil salinity, biomass increased in the root and stem of rapeseed.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Organ / stage
- root and steme1
- Treatment
- soil salinitye1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as the soil salinity increased, there was a decrease in the distribution of biomass in the pod and seed at the maturity stage, while an increase was observed in the root and stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress is suggested to inhibit carbohydrate transport into reproductive organs of rapeseed.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“suggesting that salt stress inhibited carbohydrate transport into reproductive organs”
Claim · model-written summary
C and N accumulation at flowering and maturity decreased in direct correlation with increasing soil salinity.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“the C and N accumulation at the flowering and maturity stages exhibited a reduction in direct correlation with the increase in soil salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil salinity decreased the C/N ratio of rapeseed.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“High soil salinity resulted in a reduction in the C/N”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress had a greater adverse effect on C assimilation than on N assimilation in rapeseed.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“salt stress exerted a greater adverse effect on C assimilation compared to N assimilation”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased seed protein content of rapeseed.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“salt stress exerted a greater adverse effect on C assimilation compared to N assimilation, leading to an increase in seed protein content and a decrease in oil content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased seed oil content of rapeseed.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“salt stress exerted a greater adverse effect on C assimilation compared to N assimilation, leading to an increase in seed protein content and a decrease in oil content”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity of rapeseed increased by 58.39% at the seedling stage as soil salinity rose from S0 to S2.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity of rapeseed increased by 33.38% at the seedling stage as soil salinity rose from S0 to S2.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein content of rapeseed increased by 15.57% at the seedling stage as soil salinity rose from S0 to S2.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar content of rapeseed increased by 13.88% at the seedling stage as soil salinity rose from S0 to S2.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity of rapeseed increased by 38.69% at the flowering stage as soil salinity rose from S0 to S2.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity of rapeseed increased by 22.85% at the flowering stage as soil salinity rose from S0 to S2.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein content of rapeseed increased by 12.04% at the flowering stage as soil salinity rose from S0 to S2.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar content of rapeseed increased by 8.26% at the flowering stage as soil salinity rose from S0 to S2.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapeseed has a certain degree of salt tolerance by improving antioxidants and osmolytes.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress”
e1“Rapeseed had a certain degree of salt tolerance by improving antioxidants and osmolytes”
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