Abstract
The rational application of fertilizers is crucial for achieving high crop yields and ensuring global food security. The use of biopolymers for slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) development has emerged as a game-changer and environmentally sustainable pathway to enhance crop yields by optimizing plant growth phases. Herein, with a renewed focus on circular bioeconomy, a novel functionalized lignin-based coating material (FLGe) was developed for the sustained release of nutrients. This innovative approach involved the extraction and sustainable functionalization of lignin through a solvent-free esterification reaction with humic acid─an organic compound widely recognized for its biostimulant properties in agriculture. The primary objective was to fortify the hydration barrier of lignin by reducing the number of its free hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing release control, while simultaneously harnessing the agronomic benefits offered by humic acid. After confirming the synthesis of functionalized lignin (FLGe) through 13 C NMR analysis, it was integrated at varying proportions into either a cellulosic or starch matrix. This resulted in the creation of five distinct formulations, which were then utilized as coatings for diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer. Experimental findings revealed an improved morphology and hardness (almost 3-fold) of DAP fertilizer granules after coating along with a positive impact on the soil’s water retention capacity (7%). Nutrient leaching in soil was monitored for 100 days and a substantial reduction of nutrients leaching up to 80% was successfully achieved using coated DAP fertilizer. Furthermore, to get a fuller picture of their efficiency, a pot trial was performed using two different soil textures and demonstrated that the application of FLGe-based SRFs significantly enhanced the physiological and agronomic parameters of wheat, including leaf evolution and root architecture, resulting in an almost 50% increase in grain yield and improved quality. The results proved the potential of lignin functionalization to advance agricultural sustainability and foster a robust bioeconomy aligning with the premise “from the soil to the soil”.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Coating DAP granules with the lignin-based material increased granule hardness almost 3-fold.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Experimental findings revealed an improved morphology and hardness (almost 3-fold) of DAP fertilizer granules after coating”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating DAP granules improved granule morphology.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“Experimental findings revealed an improved morphology and hardness (almost 3-fold) of DAP fertilizer granules after coating”
Claim · model-written summary
The coating material gave a 7% higher soil water retention capacity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e2“water retention capacity (7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated DAP fertilizer reduced nutrient leaching by up to 80% over 100 days.
- Treatment
- coated DAP fertilizere3
- Outcome
- nutrients leachinge3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- up to 80%e3
- Qualifier
- 100 dayse4
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e3“a substantial reduction of nutrients leaching up to 80% was successfully achieved using coated DAP fertilizer”
e4“Nutrient leaching in soil was monitored for 100 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of FLGe-based slow-release fertilizer significantly enhanced physiological and agronomic parameters of wheat in a pot trial.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- application of FLGe-based SRFse5
- Outcome
- physiological and agronomic parameters of wheat, including leaf evolution and root architecturee5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Setting
- pot triale5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat Productivity and Grain Quality”
e5“a pot trial was performed using two different soil textures and demonstrated that the application of FLGe-based SRFs significantly enhanced the physiological and agronomic parameters of wheat, including leaf evolution and root architecture, resulting in an almost 50% increase in grain yield and improved quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of FLGe-based slow-release fertilizer gave an almost 50% increase in wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of FLGe-based SRFse5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- almost 50%e5
- Setting
- pot triale5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat Productivity and Grain Quality”
e5“a pot trial was performed using two different soil textures and demonstrated that the application of FLGe-based SRFs significantly enhanced the physiological and agronomic parameters of wheat, including leaf evolution and root architecture, resulting in an almost 50% increase in grain yield and improved quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of FLGe-based slow-release fertilizer improved wheat grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of FLGe-based SRFse5
- Outcome
- qualitye5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Setting
- pot triale5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat Productivity and Grain Quality”
e5“a pot trial was performed using two different soil textures and demonstrated that the application of FLGe-based SRFs significantly enhanced the physiological and agronomic parameters of wheat, including leaf evolution and root architecture, resulting in an almost 50% increase in grain yield and improved quality”
Claim · model-written summary
The synthesis of functionalized lignin (FLGe) was confirmed by 13C NMR.
- Outcome
- synthesis of functionalized lignin (FLGe)e6
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e6“confirming the synthesis of functionalized lignin (FLGe) through 13 C NMR analysis”
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