Abstract
Angelonia ( Angelonia angustifolia ) is an important potted flowering plant or bedding plant widely used in tropical and subtropical regions. However, most Angelonia cultivars have relatively small flowers and demonstrate limited drought tolerance in root-restricted environments such as small containers. Polyploid plants often exhibit larger flowers and enhanced drought tolerance. In this study, Angelonia ‘Serena White’ seeds and ‘Serena Purple’ seedlings were treated with 0.1% and 0.2% colchicine to induce polyploid lines, respectively. The resulting tetraploids had larger pollen and flowers, along with thicker, greener leaves distinguished by serrated edges, longer stomata, and lower stomatal density compared with diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’ plants. Both diploid and tetraploid plants subjected to a 20% volumetric water content (VWC) treatment exhibited smaller leaves, higher SPAD-502 readings, and a decreased number of flowers compared with those subjected to 40% VWC treatment. Moreover, tetraploids had higher photosynthetic rates than diploids under both 20% and 40% VWC conditions. When grown in 0.8-L containers, tetraploid plants required fewer watering events and had thicker, erect stems with larger flowers than diploids, even under a 20% VWC treatment. Colchicine-induced polyploidization presents a promising method to potentially enhance drought tolerance in angelonia.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia had larger pollen and flowers than diploid plants.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifolia
Angelonia angustifoliat0 - Material
- tetraploidse1
- Outcome
- pollen and flowerse1
- Direction
- largere1
- Comparator
- diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e1“The resulting tetraploids had larger pollen and flowers, along with thicker, greener leaves distinguished by serrated edges, longer stomata, and lower stomatal density compared with diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’ plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia had thicker, greener leaves than diploid plants.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- tetraploidse1
- Outcome
- leavese1
- Direction
- thicker, greenere1
- Comparator
- diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e1“The resulting tetraploids had larger pollen and flowers, along with thicker, greener leaves distinguished by serrated edges, longer stomata, and lower stomatal density compared with diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’ plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia leaves have serrated edges.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- tetraploidse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- serrated edgese1
- Comparator
- diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e1“The resulting tetraploids had larger pollen and flowers, along with thicker, greener leaves distinguished by serrated edges, longer stomata, and lower stomatal density compared with diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’ plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia had longer stomata than diploid plants.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- tetraploidse1
- Outcome
- stomatae1
- Direction
- longere1
- Comparator
- diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e1“The resulting tetraploids had larger pollen and flowers, along with thicker, greener leaves distinguished by serrated edges, longer stomata, and lower stomatal density compared with diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’ plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia had lower stomatal density than diploid plants.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- tetraploidse1
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e1“The resulting tetraploids had larger pollen and flowers, along with thicker, greener leaves distinguished by serrated edges, longer stomata, and lower stomatal density compared with diploid ‘Serena White’ and ‘Serena Purple’ plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% VWC treatment led to smaller leaves than 40% VWC in diploid and tetraploid Angelonia.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- diploid and tetraploide2
- Treatment
- 20% volumetric water content (VWC) treatmente2
- Outcome
- leavese2
- Direction
- smallere2
- Comparator
- 40% VWC treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e2“Both diploid and tetraploid plants subjected to a 20% volumetric water content (VWC) treatment exhibited smaller leaves, higher SPAD-502 readings, and a decreased number of flowers compared with those subjected to 40% VWC treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% VWC treatment led to higher SPAD-502 readings than 40% VWC in diploid and tetraploid Angelonia.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- diploid and tetraploide2
- Treatment
- 20% volumetric water content (VWC) treatmente2
- Outcome
- SPAD-502 readingse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- 40% VWC treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e2“Both diploid and tetraploid plants subjected to a 20% volumetric water content (VWC) treatment exhibited smaller leaves, higher SPAD-502 readings, and a decreased number of flowers compared with those subjected to 40% VWC treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% VWC treatment decreased flower number compared with 40% VWC in diploid and tetraploid Angelonia.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- diploid and tetraploide2
- Treatment
- 20% volumetric water content (VWC) treatmente2
- Outcome
- number of flowerse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- 40% VWC treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e2“Both diploid and tetraploid plants subjected to a 20% volumetric water content (VWC) treatment exhibited smaller leaves, higher SPAD-502 readings, and a decreased number of flowers compared with those subjected to 40% VWC treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia had higher photosynthetic rates than diploids under both 20% and 40% VWC.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- tetraploidse3
- Treatment
- 20% and 40% VWC conditionse3
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- diploidse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e3“Moreover, tetraploids had higher photosynthetic rates than diploids under both 20% and 40% VWC conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia required fewer watering events in 0.8-L containers than diploids.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- tetraploid plantse4
- Outcome
- watering eventse4
- Direction
- fewere4
- Comparator
- diploidse4
- Setting
- 0.8-L containerse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e4“When grown in 0.8-L containers, tetraploid plants required fewer watering events and had thicker, erect stems with larger flowers than diploids, even under a 20% VWC treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia had thicker, erect stems than diploids in 0.8-L containers.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- tetraploid plantse4
- Outcome
- stemse4
- Direction
- thicker, erecte4
- Comparator
- diploidse4
- Setting
- 0.8-L containerse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e4“When grown in 0.8-L containers, tetraploid plants required fewer watering events and had thicker, erect stems with larger flowers than diploids, even under a 20% VWC treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid Angelonia had larger flowers than diploids even under a 20% VWC treatment.
- Taxon
- Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliat0
- Material
- tetraploid plantse4
- Outcome
- flowerse4
- Direction
- largere4
- Qualifier
- even under a 20% VWC treatmente4
- Comparator
- diploidse4
- Setting
- 0.8-L containerse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Morphological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of the Diploid and Tetraploid Angelonia angustifolia”
e4“When grown in 0.8-L containers, tetraploid plants required fewer watering events and had thicker, erect stems with larger flowers than diploids, even under a 20% VWC treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Colchicine-induced polyploidisation is a promising method that could enhance drought tolerance in angelonia.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Angelonia ( Angelonia angustifolia ) is an important potted flowering plant or bedding plant”
e5“Colchicine-induced polyploidization presents a promising method to potentially enhance drought tolerance in angelonia”