Abstract
The study titled "Physio-biochemical response of wheat to different nanoparticle treatments under moisture stress (drought) conditions" was carried out during the Rabi season of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at the student instructional farm (SIF) of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, located in Kumarganj, Ayodhya- 224229 (U.P.). The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design, with three replications and ten treatments, using the wheat variety HD 2967. The treatments consisted of the following: T1: control (foliar spray of distilled water), T2: Ca3PO4 (40ppm), T3: TiO2 (40ppm), T4: TiO2 (40ppm) + Ca3PO4 (40ppm), T5: TiO2 (50ppm). T6: TiO2 (50ppm) + Ca3PO4 (40ppm), T7: ZnO (40ppm), T8: ZnO (40ppm) + Ca3PO4 (40ppm), T9: ZnO (50ppm), T10: ZnO (50ppm) + Ca3PO4 (40ppm). The application of foliar spray occurred 45 days after sowing (DAS). The physio-biochemical parameters were measured at 60, 75, and 90 days after sowing (DAS), whereas the yield data was recorded at harvest time. The application of foliar spray containing both ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as Ca3PO4, was found to be highly successful in reducing moisture stress compared to the control group. The addition of Nano ZnO at a concentration of 50ppm, combined with Ca3PO4 at a concentration of 40ppm (T10), was shown to be the most efficient in increasing both the total chlorophyll content and total soluble sugar content under conditions of moisture stress. This treatment was followed by treatment T9. However, when considering additional characteristics such as membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content (RWC), grain yield, and biological yield, treatment T9 showed significantly greater values than the control treatment for the crop. Treatment T4 also showed higher values, although to a lesser extent. The current study concludes that nanoparticles effectively reduce moisture stress in wheat. Specifically, ZnO (50ppm) followed by TiO2 (40ppm) in combination with Ca3PO4 (40ppm) are recommended treatments to alleviate the negative impacts of moisture stress on wheat crops.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticle sprays with Ca3PO4 reduced wheat moisture stress versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- foliar spray containing both ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as Ca3PO4e0
- Outcome
- moisture stresse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of foliar spray containing both ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as Ca3PO4, was found to be highly successful in reducing moisture stress compared to the control group.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T10 was most effective for increasing total chlorophyll under moisture stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nano ZnO at a concentration of 50ppm, combined with Ca3PO4 at a concentration of 40ppm (T10)e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano ZnO at a concentration of 50ppm, combined with Ca3PO4 at a concentration of 40ppm (T10), was shown to be the most efficient in increasing both the total chlorophyll content and total soluble sugar content under conditions of moisture stress.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T10 was most effective for increasing total soluble sugar under moisture stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nano ZnO at a concentration of 50ppm, combined with Ca3PO4 at a concentration of 40ppm (T10)e0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano ZnO at a concentration of 50ppm, combined with Ca3PO4 at a concentration of 40ppm (T10), was shown to be the most efficient in increasing both the total chlorophyll content and total soluble sugar content under conditions of moisture stress.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T9 ranked next after T10 for chlorophyll and soluble sugars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- followed by treatment T9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment was followed by treatment T9.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T9 significantly increased membrane stability index and relative water content over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatment T9e0
- Outcome
- significantly greater valuese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment T9 showed significantly greater values than the control treatment for the crop.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T9 significantly increased grain and biological yield over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatment T9e0
- Outcome
- grain yield, and biological yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when considering additional characteristics such as membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content (RWC), grain yield, and biological yield, treatment T9 showed significantly greater values than the control treatment for the crop.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 also produced higher values, but less than T9.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- higher valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment T4 also showed higher values, although to a lesser extent.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend ZnO (50ppm) and TiO2 (40ppm) plus Ca3PO4 (40ppm) against moisture stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- alleviate the negative impacts of moisture stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO (50ppm) followed by TiO2 (40ppm) in combination with Ca3PO4 (40ppm) are recommended treatments to alleviate the negative impacts of moisture stress on wheat crops.”
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