Abstract
Abstract Beet chlorosis virus (BChV), beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and beet yellows virus (BYV) transmitted by Myzus persicae cause virus yellows (VY) disease in sugar beet. M. persicae also transmits beet mosaic virus (BtMV), which is often associated with VY. So far, field trials to determine the effect of infection time point on yield have used 100% inoculation density and little is known about the yield effect of BtMV in mixed infections with VY species under field conditions. Therefore, we conducted sugar beet field trials using a new inoculation protocol with densities of 3%–10% in combination with different infection time points; we also tested the effect of BtMV/VY species mixed infections on white sugar yield (WSY). We observed a wide range of WSY losses for BChV (3.6%–26.8%), BMYV (1.7%–22.0%) and BYV (3.7%–37.0%) depending on infection time point, with no further significant losses after BBCH Stages 18/19, 35 and 39, respectively. Both the time of infection and area under disease progress curve showed excellent correlation with WSY losses for all VY species. BtMV had no significant effect on WSY losses either as a single infection or in mixed infections with BChV or BYV compared to control or single infections of these viruses. However, BMYV/BtMV mixed infection showed significantly increased WSY loss (+13.6%) compared to single BMYV infection. Our results can be used to predict yield losses in practical fields and to develop economic control thresholds for decision support systems.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
BChV infection was associated with 3.6%–26.8% white sugar yield loss depending on timing.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- BChVe0
- Interactor
- BChVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- WSY lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- 3.6%–26.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WSY losses for BChV (3.6%–26.8%)”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BMYV infection was associated with 1.7%–22.0% yield loss.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- BMYVe0
- Interactor
- BMYVBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- WSY lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- 1.7%–22.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WSY losses for BChV (3.6%–26.8%), BMYV (1.7%–22.0%) and BYV (3.7%–37.0%) depending on infection time point”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BYV infection was associated with 3.7%–37.0% yield loss.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- BYVe0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- WSY lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- 3.7%–37.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WSY losses for BChV (3.6%–26.8%), BMYV (1.7%–22.0%) and BYV (3.7%–37.0%) depending on infection time point”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
No further significant BChV loss occurred after BBCH 18/19.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- BChVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- lossese0
- Direction
- no further significante0
- Qualifier
- BBCH Stages 18/19e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no further significant losses after BBCH Stages 18/19, 35 and 39, respectively”
t0“sugar beet”
e1“BChV (3.6%–26.8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
No further significant BMYV loss occurred after BBCH 35.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- BMYVBeet mild yellowing viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- lossese0
- Direction
- no further significante0
- Qualifier
- 35e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no further significant losses after BBCH Stages 18/19, 35 and 39, respectively”
t0“sugar beet”
e1“BMYV (1.7%–22.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
No further significant BYV loss occurred after BBCH 39.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- lossese0
- Direction
- no further significante0
- Qualifier
- 39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no further significant losses after BBCH Stages 18/19, 35 and 39, respectively”
t0“sugar beet”
e1“BYV (3.7%–37.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection time correlated strongly with yield loss across VY species.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- time of infectione0
- Outcome
- WSY lossese0
- Qualifier
- excellent correlatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the time of infection and area under disease progress curve showed excellent correlation with WSY losses for all VY species”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease progress area correlated strongly with yield loss across VY species.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- WSY lossese0
- Qualifier
- excellent correlatione0
- Comparator
- area under disease progress curvee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the time of infection and area under disease progress curve showed excellent correlation with WSY losses for all VY species”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BtMV alone did not significantly change yield loss versus control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- BtMVe0
- Interactor
- BtMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- WSY lossese0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BtMV had no significant effect on WSY losses either as a single infection or in mixed infections with BChV or BYV compared to control or single infections of these viruses”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BtMV with BChV did not significantly change yield loss versus BChV alone.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- mixed infections with BChVe0
- Interactor
- BChVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- BtMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- WSY lossese0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Comparator
- single infections of these virusese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BtMV had no significant effect on WSY losses either as a single infection or in mixed infections with BChV or BYV compared to control or single infections of these viruses”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BtMV with BYV did not significantly change yield loss versus BYV alone.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- mixed infections with BChV or BYVe0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- BtMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- WSY lossese0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Comparator
- single infections of these virusese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BtMV had no significant effect on WSY losses either as a single infection or in mixed infections with BChV or BYV compared to control or single infections of these viruses”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BMYV/BtMV coinfection increased white sugar yield loss 13.6% versus BMYV alone.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- BMYV/BtMV mixed infectione0
- Interactor
- BMYVBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- BtMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- WSY losse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- +13.6%e0
- Comparator
- single BMYV infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BMYV/BtMV mixed infection showed significantly increased WSY loss (+13.6%) compared to single BMYV infection”
t0“sugar beet”
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