Abstract
SUMMARY Isolates of beet yellows virus (BYV) and beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) were collected from different parts of eastern England. Individual strains of BYV were isolated, from field plants infected with mixtures of strains, using a single lesion technique; all the strains thus isolated appeared to be closely related and there was complete cross‐protection between them. Individual strains of BYV produced symptoms of differing severity on sugar beet and other test plants, and caused different losses of sugar yield in sugar beet in the glasshouse and in the field. Considerable differences in sodium contents of the roots, and in serological titres of leaf sap, were observed between plants infected with different BW strains. Simultaneous inoculation of two BYV strains, using Myzus persicae Sulz., usually resulted in a disease which was intermediate in severity between the diseases caused by the strains separately. However, in some experiments, simultaneous inoculation of BYV strains caused a more severe disease than was expected and in others a milder disease. Differences between BMYV isolates were apparently very small in the field and under glass. Field experiments showed that inbred lines and experimental varieties, derived from plants selected for tolerance to BYV and BMYV, were more tolerant than the control varieties when subjected to many different infection treatments. Infection with BYV and BMYV reduced sugar yields and sugar contents and increased sodium and potassium contents of the root. Isolates of BMYV reduced the sugar contents, and increased the sodium contents, more than any strain of BYV. Simultaneous inoculation of BYV and BMYV produced more severe effects on sugar beet than either virus alone. The virus‐tolerant breeding material usually showed smaller reductions in root weight, sugar content and sugar yield than the control varieties, and smaller increases in sodium and potassium contents of the root. The results of experiments indicated that tolerance to one strain of BYV was associated with tolerance to a wide range of BYV strains. Much less is known about BMYV strains but the breeding material yielded well after infection with all the BMYV isolates against which they were tested. It seems unlikely that a rapid breakdown of tolerance would occur if virus‐tolerant sugar beet were widely grown in the field.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
BYV strains cross protected completely.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse1pathogene0
- Outcome
- complete cross‐protectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the strains thus isolated appeared to be closely related and there was complete cross‐protection between them”
t0“sugar beet”
e1“Individual strains of BYV produced symptoms of differing severity on sugar beet and other test plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BYV strains produced symptoms of differing severity.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms of differing severitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual strains of BYV produced symptoms of differing severity on sugar beet and other test plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BYV strains caused different sugar yield losses.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse1pathogene0
- Outcome
- losses of sugar yielde0
- Direction
- differente0
- Setting
- glasshouse and in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caused different losses of sugar yield in sugar beet in the glasshouse and in the field”
t0“sugar beet”
e1“Individual strains of BYV produced symptoms of differing severity on sugar beet and other test plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium content differed between plants infected with different strains.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- BW strainse0pathogen
- Outcome
- sodium contents of the rootse0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable differences in sodium contents of the roots, and in serological titres of leaf sap, were observed between plants infected with different BW strains”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sap serological titres differed between strain infections.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Interactor
- BW strainse0pathogen
- Outcome
- serological titres of leaf sape0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable differences in sodium contents of the roots, and in serological titres of leaf sap, were observed between plants infected with different BW strains”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Two BYV strains usually caused intermediate disease severity compared with separate infections.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous inoculation of two BYV strainse0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Myzus persicae Sulz.
Myzus persicaee0pest - Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
- Comparator
- the strains separatelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous inoculation of two BYV strains, using Myzus persicae Sulz., usually resulted in a disease which was intermediate in severity between the diseases caused by the strains separately”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Some simultaneous BYV infections caused more severe disease than expected.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- simultaneous inoculation of BYV strainse0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- more severee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in some experiments, simultaneous inoculation of BYV strains caused a more severe disease than was expected”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Other simultaneous BYV infections caused milder disease than expected.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse1pathogene0
- Outcome
- milder diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in others a milder disease”
t0“sugar beet”
e1“Individual strains of BYV produced symptoms of differing severity on sugar beet and other test plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BMYV isolates differed very little in field and glasshouse tests.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- BMYVBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Differences between BMYV isolatese0
- Direction
- very smalle0
- Setting
- field and under glasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences between BMYV isolates were apparently very small in the field and under glass”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected inbred lines and varieties were more tolerant than controls across infection treatments.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- inbred lines and experimental varietiese0
- Treatment
- infection treatmentse0
- Interactor
- BYV and BMYVBeet yellows virusBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- control varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inbred lines and experimental varieties, derived from plants selected for tolerance to BYV and BMYV, were more tolerant than the control varieties when subjected to many different infection treatments”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BYV and BMYV infection reduced sugar yields.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Infection with BYV and BMYVe0
- Interactor
- BYV and BMYVBeet yellows virusBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- sugar yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection with BYV and BMYV reduced sugar yields and sugar contents and increased sodium and potassium contents of the root”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BYV and BMYV infection reduced sugar content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Infection with BYV and BMYVe0
- Interactor
- BYV and BMYVBeet yellows virusBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- sugar contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection with BYV and BMYV reduced sugar yields and sugar contents and increased sodium and potassium contents of the root”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BYV and BMYV infection increased root sodium and potassium content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Infection with BYV and BMYVe0
- Interactor
- BYV and BMYVBeet yellows virusBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- sodium and potassium contents of the roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection with BYV and BMYV reduced sugar yields and sugar contents and increased sodium and potassium contents of the root”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BMYV reduced sugar content more than any BYV strain.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- BMYVe0
- Interactor
- BMYVBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- sugar contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- BYVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of BMYV reduced the sugar contents, and increased the sodium contents, more than any strain of BYV”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
BMYV increased sodium content more than any BYV strain.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- BMYVe0
- Interactor
- BMYVBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- sodium contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- BYVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of BMYV reduced the sugar contents, and increased the sodium contents, more than any strain of BYV”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined BYV and BMYV inoculation was more severe than either alone.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous inoculation of BYV and BMYVe0
- Interactor
- BYV and BMYVBeet yellows virusBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- effects on sugar beete0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- either virus alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous inoculation of BYV and BMYV produced more severe effects on sugar beet than either virus alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant material showed smaller reductions in root weight, sugar content, and yield than controls.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- virus‐tolerant breeding materiale0
- Treatment
- virus‐tolerant breeding materiale0
- Outcome
- root weight, sugar content and sugar yielde0
- Direction
- smaller reductionse0
- Comparator
- control varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The virus‐tolerant breeding material usually showed smaller reductions in root weight, sugar content and sugar yield than the control varieties”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant material showed smaller rises in root sodium and potassium than controls.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- virus‐tolerant breeding materiale1
- Outcome
- sodium and potassium contents of the roote0
- Direction
- smaller increasese0
- Comparator
- control varietiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and smaller increases in sodium and potassium contents of the root”
t0“sugar beet”
e1“The virus‐tolerant breeding material usually showed smaller reductions in root weight, sugar content and sugar yield than the control varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerance to one BYV strain was associated with broad BYV tolerance.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- BYVBeet yellows viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- tolerance to a wide range of BYV strainse0
- Comparator
- one strain of BYVe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tolerance to one strain of BYV was associated with tolerance to a wide range of BYV strains”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeding material yielded well after infection with all tested BMYV isolates.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- breeding materiale0
- Interactor
- BMYVBeet mild yellowing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielded welle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the breeding material yielded well after infection with all the BMYV isolates against which they were tested”
t0“sugar beet”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Beet mild yellowing virus · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- negative
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infection · Beet mild yellowing virus · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
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- negative
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inoculation · Beet yellows virus · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
infection · Beet yellows virus · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
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7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.